USB-A could be USB 2.0 or 3.0 which means difference in protocol/speed and more importantly how much power is available. With respect to protocol/speed, either 2.0 or 3.0 should be fast enough for sentry video recording, so no concerns there. However, USB 2.0 connections are 5V 500mA max per port = 2.5W whereas USB 3.0 is 5V and 900mA max which is 4.5W. USB-C can supply even more power.
Make sure your SSD + adapter will work with whatever USB version is being offered in that USB-A connection. While it may seem to work if just detecting the drive and reading files from it like music, worst case scenario will be when you have to do a sustained write to the drive as in saving video from a sentry event. So try in-car format of that drive and then some dash cam/sentry recording and viewing to confirm that the complete video files are saved and viewable. Not all drives are the same, so you may be okay, or on edge, or it may not work at all.