Ok. So I answered my own question.
Underneath the wireless charging pad, the connector supplies 15.4V via the yellow wire (the pin labeled D). Ground is the brown wire (the pin labeled C), validated that via a continuity test.
I also validated the accessory plug in the center console (cig lighter) is also 15.4V, so it's not providing a 12V either.
Now to figure out how to test if the wireless pad is switched.
Edit: powered off the car, it's interesting, the car itself doesn't actually fully power off, but the pad and USB ports are still active. How would one properly test switched power?