Not to burst your bubble, but both of these won't happen. Solar power will never be the sole source of electricity in the world. It's on track to become a major part of the energy picture, but wind is also a growing energy source and there are places in the world where solar power is not very efficient. Try getting all your energy from solar in Alaska in the winter. It will be a long, dark, cold winter. The closer you get to the poles, the shorter the days are during the winter and even on clear days you aren't going to get much sunshine. Then there are places like Seattle that are overcast for months on end (though the summers are usually clear and dry).
In many places where the sun doesn't shine much in the winter, nature has provided a different renewable energy source: hydroelectric. Washington and Oregon get most of their electricity from hydro. So does Quebec, Newfoundland, and Norway. Glaciers during ice aces carved the landscape in such a way that hydro works quite well. Though there are environmentalists who want to take out dams on the Columbia River for salmon spawning, it will never happen. The dams on the river make it navigable pretty much all the way back to idaho and 40% of all grain exported from the US goes down the Columbia. Moving it by train is impossible because the rail network is at 100% capacity now and there is no room for new tracks in many places.
Solar and wind with battery backup will put a big dent in fossil fuel usage for stationary power by 2030. Fossil fuels won't be gone, but most of the coal plants will probably be shut down and the coal industry will be headed the way of the horse buggy industry about 1915. Natural gas will still be in use for some power generation as well as running the existing nuclear plants until they are ready to be decommissioned.
There is a new technology that has been developed by a young nuclear engineer named Taylor Wilson which uses nuclear fuel currently stored in nuclear waste ponds. It consumes most of the remaining fuel to make electricity and then when it runs out of fuel there is only a tiny bit of radioactive waste left that can't be consumed (about 1/100 of what it starts with). If he manages to get any of these plants built, it will pretty much require us to either make electricity from getting rid of the nuclear waste we have now, of just vent the heat to the atmosphere for no benefit.
I do agree that our electricity generation picture will likely be very different by 2030 and much cleaner overall.
There are 1 billion cars in the world and 100 million cars and light trucks built per year. To replace all cars in the world with EVs by 2030 would require us to start building 71 million EV cars a year right now. Total production of EVs and PHEVs today was only 1/2 million last year. And that includes the plug in hybrids which were the majority of sales. The pure EVs were only around 100,000 sales and only the Model S and X had a range anything over about 120 miles.
The Tesla Gigafactory is going to supply enough batteries for 500,000 long range EVs when it is at full capacity. The much touted "giant" LG Chem factory is only supplying about 50,000 smaller battery packs a year. Tesla's 500,000 cars a year from the GF is only about 1/2% of the world's car production. To build all 100 million cars and light trucks as EVs in the world would require 200 GF equivalents and would cost around $1 trillion. Even if there was a will to switch over to EVs right now, and people started building those 200 GF today, they would likely go bankrupt trying to raise the capital and none of those factories will be online until the early 2020s.
There is no will there from any mainstream auto maker to build a mass market EV. The CAFE requirements will force them to build more hybrids with relatively small batteries, but they won't try to build pure EVs en masse until the Model 3 has been out there for a couple of years and demand is not going down and demand for their ICE cars is going down. Right now some US states like California require auto makers to sell so many pure EVs a year, but they only make enough to meet the minimum requirements and little more. Even the much touted Chevy Bolt is only going to have 30,000 a year built and analysis of LG Chem's idle capacity has projected the max number they can build for the foreseeable future is around 50,000 a year. A pittance compared to the projected sales of the Model 3.
By 2030 we'll be lucky if there is an equivalent of 10 Gigafactories, maybe as many as 20 world wide. That is enough to build 5-10% of the world's car production as pure EVs, or a much larger percentage of hybrids. I would also expect most of the GFs in the world to be Tesla's. Also take note that if battery storage of solar and wind power becomes a big thing, which it will likely be, that will just increase the overall demand for batteries and further a shortage.
Tesla is buying every battery Panasonic can make today. They have over 40% of the share of the battery market and one customer. That's the level of demand Tesla puts on the Li-ion battery market, they consume 40% of world production to make 50,000-70,000 cars a year. The rest of the battery industry has excess capacity because EVs and hybrids are in a slump due to low gasoline prices. Tesla is the only brand that is bucking the trend.
Add on top of the probale battery shortage limiting production for the next few decades, there is also a big need for infrastructure to be built out. Tesla has gone a long ways to show the world how to support EVs on long road trips, and most EV owners today have a garage or some other way to charge at home. Over 50% of Americans rent, and even many US home owners don't have a place where they can plug in their car at night. Apartment complexes and condos will have to invest in charger infrastructure. In places where people park on the street at night, cities will have to build chargers like parking meters all over the cities. Today the supercharger network supports 0.015% of the cars on the road adequately, but we're going to need a heck of a lot more chargers along highways to support that many long range EVs. Tesla may continue to fund their own in house standard to support their cars, but the rest of the world needs to do something and right now car makers are hoping someone else will build the network for them, but nobody is all the interested right now.
If you want to get a feel for the size of the project, I suggest you watch this documentary:
[LINK]
Pump The Movie | Official Website[/LINK]
They make the point that EVs are the long range future, but it's going to take a long time to fully make the switch. Too much needs to change and it's going to take a long time for that to happen. The documentary shows how we could use biofuels in the interim and how it fits directly into the supply chain we have today (gas stations can sell it instead of gasoline) and the majority of cars on the road today either are ready for biofuels now, or can be converted very easily. Quite a few cars can be converted by just changing a code in the firmware.
It's a changeover that is doable in only a few years. EVs are too big a technology change to effect the changeover that quickly.
Sorry, but it's just not feasible in that timeframe.
