For US cars, trying to charge at 240V with the yellow cable does not work (I tried it). As has been noted, the yellow cable does not include a pilot signal wire, so the car interprets the lack of the signal as an indication to operate at the lowest current rating (16A for US cars, corresponding to the maximum allowed draw for a 20A circuit). But the US car also looks for the voltage to be 120 rather than 240.
However, I did help a friend convert the yellow cable for 240V use by opening the car connector to hook up a pilot wire and adding a box inline to contain one of Martin Eberhard's pilot signal generator circuits. That allowed taking advantage of the availability of a 20A 240V shop outlet.