After a day+ of nothing working, I'm functional again. If I had to guess it fixed itself because:
a) magic
or
b) was disconnected from the Internet when I parked underground
or
c) I fixed the corrupt USB ThumbDrive, and re-inserted it
My data points...
3, LR, AWD, EAP/FSD, 2018.08 delivery, so likely not HW3
05/03/2019 = 2019.12.1.2 installed; no problems
05/12/2019 = Lane markings, cars, pedestrians gone from screen, No AP, Cruise Not Available, Sentry Mode didn't seem to work
Tried every soft/hard reboot, power off, sleep, charge combination I can imagine -- no dice. All this while dashcam claims it's working and will happily "record" a video... Gave up and went to bed
05/13/2019 = AM, still broken; drove to work in an underground lot, parked, removed USB thumb drive to see contents; noticed my system wanted to fsck it; all files post-5/3 (firmware install date) were 595 bytes; Thumb Drive is 256GB; was ~50% used; did a mkfs.fat -F 32 /dev/sda1, mkdir TeslaCam again and plugged the ThumbDrive back in the car at 6pm -- AP/Cruise/Camera-related things were working -- I was unable to verify functionality w/out ThumbDrive, as I did not think to check for that condition.
Yay, but good grief, this is exactly why I can't buy my parents one.