Near our house many intersections have "smart" lights, allowing for up to X seconds for a left-turn arrow. During heavy traffic times, the left-turn arrow can remain green for up to 40 seconds. (I have not timed the yellow, but my guess is about 5 seconds.) When the traffic is light, the arrow will turn yellow after a one or two second lapse with no cars tripping the sensor buried beneath the pavement. If there is no oncoming traffic, the left-turn arrow stays green even through the entire cycle even though no one is turning.
The drivers here have figured this out over the years, and we still have drivers sweating the light in order not to wait through an entire traffic light cycle. And enforcement here is sketchy on red-light runners. The police and CHP seem focused on speeding and cell phone misuse. I think the reason for this is that those types of infractions are easy to prosecute with generally irrefutable evidence when the officer appears in court. Running a red light is more problematic to prove without pictures. (The light was yellow when I entered the intersection, judge, I swear!) And with traffic fines easily exceeding $350 more people are fighting them.