The cameras range would be limited by resolution and the field of view/optics. Currently, consumer grade IR cameras in general are limited to 720p and are very expensive. Even with an IR illuminator for night time driving and regardless of the optics chosen the visibility would be too poor and would severely limit your maximum speed to below that of normal driving patterns.
However, cars have headlights so IR cameras aren't necessary. A typical 1920x1080 camera would allow you to distinguish objects much further out and allow you a higher top speed, whereas a 4k camera would come closer to matching a human's perception. I cannot give an exact number on safe speeds because that would depend on the risk that Tesla would be willing to accept. Choosing a camera lens sets the field of view. The camera resolution determines the number of pixels per arc minute. The number of pixels per arc minute allows you to identify objects of a minimum size. Pick a narrow field of view and you can see very far ahead but can't see anything to either side of your lane. Pick a wide field of view to look for objects to the side of the vehicle and you limit how far ahead you can resolve an object.
I can't say much about the vehicles that I worked on except that it was for the defense industry and it made Google's cars look like low tech toys.
Edit: it is also probable that the vision solution would be paired with an automotive grade radar unit such as the ones that Delphi makes. The radar could be used for longer distance large obstacle detection and speed adjustment and then cameras could be used for closer range collision detection.
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One more observation from looking at the pictures. There are what appears to be two GPS antennas on the roof (small black pucks) in opposing corners. This is called differential GPS and would be used for an autonomous vehicle to allow you to more precisely determine the vehicle's exact orientation. In addition, the big red button is leading me to believe that this is indeed an autonomous vehicle test mule.