Sorry to say this, but I believe the discoloration will likely be back within days. I've cleaned it off a few times and it comes back within hours or days each time. It's either the material itself breaking down or road contaminants adhering to the trim, or both. The reason is likely because of faulty trim coatings or paint of some kind.
As an aside, note that the oily, iridescent nature of the discoloration is very similar to what one often sees in cheap, recycled rubber and plastic products from China. It could also be road surface contamination (e.g., oil in asphalt sticking to the trim over time?) that's not being properly repelled due to faulty coatings or anodization (at least one commenter has stated the trim is anodized aluminum).
When I pressed my local Tesla Service Center about the degradation being pretty abnormal for a relatively new vehicle and asked for trim replacement, I was told by the representative that there's apparently a known issue with the black trim on Model Y vehicles made before Nov 2020 that results in this problem. I presume it applies to the Model 3 as well.
All this talk in multiple threads about the pH of different car washes or products and ways to restore the trim seems to be dancing around the issue. The problem here seems pretty obvious...the trim parts are faulty. Not to mention that needing to find a baby-hands, kid-glove product to gently wash a $55K to $100K vehicle without damaging it seems a bit ridiculous, frankly.
There's either an issue with protective coating(s), anodization, paint, or all of these that makes them susceptible to degradation and/or contamination. Not sure what the specifics are, and opinions are all over the place in this forum on the issue, but it's clearly abnormal for exterior trim on a vehicle that one has had for less than two years.