NM-B aka Romex can be run in conduit with one exception and a few issues.
The exception is the cable has to be rated for the conditions. NM-B is not rated for wet locations so if the conduit runs through a place considered a wet location you can't use NM-B. All underground conduit is considered a wet location and conduit unprotected from weather. There are other jacketed cables that are rated for wet locations and can be used.
The issues
When calculating conduit fill the largest dimension of the cross section is used for the diameter of the cable. Since most NM-B is not round it will require larger conduit than running individual THWN wires.
NM-B is harder to pull through conduit than individual wires.
NM-B has lower current capacity than THWN for most cases and may require a larger wire for the same circuit.