The front cockpit feels roomier for me on the S (width and depth, but not height). If feels like the footwell is narrower on the Y than the S. For example, my legs have to taper to fit in the footwell a lot more with the Y than the S. The Y has all this extra headroom that feels wasted. Maybe if I was wearing a 10 gallon hat it might be useful.
The S has better ride comfort the height adjustment is heading when going over all the steep dips in my area. It will remember where it needs to raise itself so you don't catch the nose of the car. The tires on the LR stick better than the Y LR's and pretty close to the MYP when driving aggressively.
The S is quieter, smoother, quicker, faster and just is a nice place to be. The only place I liked the Y better was in tight city traffic. The Y is a bit smaller than the S and that is the main reason. The slightly higher seat height doesn't matter that much to me.
On the highway the range difference is significant. My S is more efficient than the Y was. If I were to tow, the bigger battery pack would be a very big plus. Haven't towed with the S yet so can't comment on the range but often my range was about 100-120 miles when towing with the Y.
The S just feels more upscale (as it should) compared to the Y. The Y seats are pretty good but the longer I spend in the S's seats, the more I like them over the 3/Y. i just spent an hour driving around in the Dallas sun in the 3 (seems to be same seats as the Y. Already they were uncomfortable in the sun since there was no ventilation or cooling. I may have to get some sort of seat covers so I don't have to deal with this all summer long.
When we ordered the Y and S, at the time we didn't consider the 3 seriously because we couldn't tow and the Y seemed to be a better fit for us. At least it would be more versatile than the 3. After putting a couple thousand miles on our 3 already, I think the 3 is the better car even if the Y has more room. If the 3 had a hatchback it would be even better. The S takes almost everything I like about the 3 and upsizes it and adds the hatch so I get a lot of the versatility of the Y. Having a car seat in the back, there is a lot more width for adults to sit there.
Of all the Teslas I've driven, I have to say the MS LR ticks almost all my boxes so to speak. I'll probably ditch the yoke for a wheel pretty soon though. As long as it doesn't block the display, I think that is where I am heading. The S has pretty good range (real life 330-340 miles) with a fair amount of 75-80 mph Texas roads thrown it. It is a pretty nice cockpit to spend time in. The autopilot has been rock solid so far with NO phantom braking events (vs. the hundreds I had in the Y). It is very quick whether from a stop or 60 mph roll. While looks are subjective, I always liked the S. The Y always looked like a fat guppy to me. Sadly with the refresh the frunk is almost worthless and I think the Y's is bigger.
The staggered tires means you can't easily rotate the tires. It is longer and wider than the Y if garage fit is an issue. It just barely fits in our garage lenghtwise with only 4" to spare if I park it perfectly. That is where the stupid lack of stalks infuriates me. At least in the garage lately the auto choice of direction has been 100% correct in choosing reverse when I get in the car lately.
Tesla provides decent choices to find a car/CUV to meet your needs and budget. I am glad we had the Y for a while. I'll definitely take the S over the Y, even with the current price delta larger than the ~25k when I ordered our Y and S. Feel free to DM if you have any specific questions. If you come to the Dallas area, glad to take you for a ride in the S.