@mmd You are right that Tesla of course does some marketing.
But the point is they don't advertise and they don't - as the official company line so far (though Q3/2016 they crossed the line) - do discounts/discount campaigns, both of which would be positive ways to move Model S - instead of having to go negative on the Model 3.
Model S is showing its age against a new entrant to the product range. The traditional fix: 1) Conjure up things that make Model S more appealing (like discounts or discounted options). 2) Advertise it. 3) Don't badmouth your new product.
Once those marketing tactics that Tesla has are not enough, they have instead resorted to reverse marketing (anti-sell Model 3 to sell Model S) and reverse discounts (announce future price increases), which obviously have some effect, but also have negatives and limits to their effectiveness... the end result is, Tesla is seen as playing games and the customerbase is confused at best about the mixed messages.
Tesla needs to broaden their marketing toolkit, IMO. What used to be simple is now actually making things complex as the old simple way is not enough and complex tricks are needed to sort of keep the simple way...