"might be" and "possible" and "could be" are the same weasel words.
I don't mean to specifically pick on you, but I do find the language .... annoying, whenever I read it.
The world however is not black or white. That is why we have probabilities.
I appreciate the notion that UKR will plan for a slow advance but will seize an opportunity to blast through if it presents itself.
If you want probabilities I'd say there is a 70-80% chance Ukraine will move fast when the offensive starts.
The OSINT community has covered this war in a breadth and depth far beyond what I'd have thought to be possible, despite being aware of open source aerial imagery, AI and other tools. The russian fortifications have been mapped for several weeks now but today, I stumbled on this detail analysis that once more blew me away:
@Inkvisiit: 1/ Thread: Analysis of Russian defensive network and field fortifications on Kopani-Robotyne-Tokmak sector of the Zaporizhzhia front. This analysis was done using Sentinel Hub EO imagery and commercially...…
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Now, if volunteers can go this deep with publicly available data in their spare time, imagine how much more detail a professional intelligence team can collect and draw their conclusions on.
This makes me wonder, and I'd appreciate the experts here sharing their take, if such WW2-style fortifications will go the same way as medieval castles after the invention of firearms. How much of an obstacle pose dug-in tanks to an army equipped with high-precision artillery? Tank-ditches that are mapped to centimeter precision so the advancing forces know how to bypass or where best to fill them. Mere annoyance or still capable to bog down an attack? Mine fields appear the only threat that cannot be remotely sensed but still some locations are more likely to be mined than others.
The 1991 Gulf War demonstrated that old style fortifications are mostly useless against a force equipped with enough advanced engineering equipment. The US and UK especially have put a lot of thought into how to neutralize fortifications. They have been doing it since WW II. At this point they have virtually perfected it.
The static wars in the Donbas from 2014 to 2022 and the Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s showed that armies that don't have advanced fortification clearing equipment can get bogged down in wars that go nowhere.
Russia never developed the advanced fortification clearing tools the west has. Their way of taking fortifications has been to pummel them with incredible amounts of artillery then roll over them with tanks and infantry once they are too stunned to fight back. It requires a massive stockpile of artillery ammunition and guns which it appears they don't have anymore.
Ukraine now has good western breaching equipment with training, though I don't know exactly how much. There is definitely enough there to punch at least one good sized hole in one place. Hopefully there is enough to do it in more than one place at once.
Russia's defensive structures are extensive, but I'm pretty convinced they don't have the personnel to man all those positions. It looks to me like they are trying to recreate the victory at Kursk in 1943, but they have 4X the frontline to cover with much fewer troops. Zhukov had around 1.4 million troops and a huge fleet of tanks to support all those fortifications. The Russians today might have 200K troops and their tank fleet is much weaker than it was a year ago. With all the Russian losses I suspect their forces at this point are lopsided with more behind the lines forces than frontline. The behind the line forces include air support, naval support, supply troops, headquarters, air defense, and artillery.
They are showing signs of shortages in artillery ammunition and their gun barrels are very worn from a year of continuous combat. We see more towed artillery now and rarely see SP artillery. The SP artillery probably are out of action with too much barrel wear and no spares. Towed artillery is a handicap in a mobile battle. They are at risk of getting overrun by advancing forces.
Russia still has artillery forces, but they are not as effective as they were a year ago.
The attacking Ukrainian force is also smaller than the German army in 1943, but Ukraine has modern equipment in it's first line and a much larger force overall.
Russia conscripted a lot of infantry last fall, but they got a lot of them killed or maimed in the winter fighting and leaving them exposed to the weather. Poorly trained troops will perform better in defense than offense, but they aren't exactly going to perform all that well. Troops with bad morale tend to break and run when things get even mildly intense. Troops with good morale will be able to take a lot more before breaking and running. The kill squads have kept them in place up to now, but that tactic has its limits. The choice of certainly getting crushed by the enemy or maybe getting shot by your own people, a lot of mobiks will probably take the latter choice or they will try to figure out how to surrender to the Ukrainians.
Ukraine has advantages in numbers in uniform, equipment quality, morale, and a clear reason to be there. Russia has advantages being on defense and a willingness to get everyone killed to stop the Ukrainians. In the latter they are similar to the Japanese in WW II, though without the ethos going all the way down to the lowest ranks. Japan would fight to the last man which did keep them in the war longer than another army would have, but they still lost in the end. The Allies just got used to mowing them down. Ultimately a superior force with the will to hang in there is going to win.
The US DOD probably has its supercomputers working overtime simulating the best scenarios for Ukraine's battle plan.
A lot hinges on unknowns though. How much of a fight the Russians have left in them is a big factor. They have kill squads behind the lines trying to keep the mobiks on the line, but they can't stop a stampeded if everyone decides to cut and run at once. And the kill squads aren't going to hang around if they realize they are about to be the frontline troops facing the AFU.