Neither: Throttle Position Sensor (I'm sure you didn't really mean "potion" though lol)[None, no.
Not necessarily. For the MB product I worked on, in particular, the voltages were offset and not inverse and had the same supply voltage. The second potentiometer was there purely as a failover, rather than a failsafe. Limp mode would not be triggered by the TPS fault, nor could you even throw a TPS fault without disconnecting both. Good design? Well, I think it was appropriate for the car. As I've said, it has been my experience that I've never seen a system where the outputs are tracked, monitored, etc. I'm sure some do. I have significant experience in terms of design time, troubleshooting, oversight and production management however it is limited to 3 brands and 4 cars only.
No offense to Mr. Weaver intended, but I question some of his research. Much of what he writes is partially true for some manufacturers, but it is by no means universal. As I said, I've done work [independently] on Mercedes, [employed] Renault and [oversight] Toyota. None of the systems I've worked on mirror what that article describes, at least not exactly. He's taken bits and pieces and jumbled them together in an attempt at a technical article. Perhaps that's appropriate - I don't know his intended audience. Take, for example, this bit:
That most closely describes the Mercedes product. However, throttle data was not "sent over the CAN-bus [...] for faster communication between the various components". First off, what "various components"? Its really just two... the TPS and the ECM. And they are directly wired analog out to analog in. It doesn't even use CAN for that communication. The ECM then processes that and sends a signal on the CAN for diagnostic purposes, but it is indirect. CAN is infinitely slower than a direct analog connection, so I'm not sure why he thinks it would speed things up.
Anyway, I didn't intend to derail this conversation into a technical one on speed control. The fact is, I have no idea how Tesla does any of what they do. It has just always bothered me that they scapegoat customers citing "logs" that may or may not exist, and it bothers me more how the media, presumably insurance companies, and apparently the general public just takes their word for it, particularly now that I feel - from the conversation I had with an employee who, admittedly, may have been talking outside of her paygrade - they've demonstrated to me personally that the logs can't be trusted. At least not 100%.