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[bloomberg] Baidu, Pony.ai Nab Commercial Robotaxi Licenses in Beijing

Search giant Baidu Inc. and Toyota Motor Corp.-backed Pony.ai Inc. were granted the first batch of licenses from Beijing regulators to start open-road autonomous commercial driving operations in a part of the city equivalent to the size of Manhattan.​
The pilot licenses will allow a fleet of around 100 cars from the two companies to travel around the 60-square-kilometer (23 square mile) so-called Beijing High-level Automated Driving Demonstration Area, about a 30-minute drive from Tiananmen Square, according to state media reports.​
[...]​

This seems comparable with Waymo's operations in Chandler, AZ — or perhaps another step up.
 
[bloomberg] Baidu, Pony.ai Nab Commercial Robotaxi Licenses in Beijing

Search giant Baidu Inc. and Toyota Motor Corp.-backed Pony.ai Inc. were granted the first batch of licenses from Beijing regulators to start open-road autonomous commercial driving operations in a part of the city equivalent to the size of Manhattan.​
The pilot licenses will allow a fleet of around 100 cars from the two companies to travel around the 60-square-kilometer (23 square mile) so-called Beijing High-level Automated Driving Demonstration Area, about a 30-minute drive from Tiananmen Square, according to state media reports.​
[...]​

This seems comparable with Waymo's operations in Chandler, AZ — or perhaps another step up.
Pony.AI just lost their license in California, btw.
 
After using FSD Beta for a while, and hearing Elon describe the under the hood engineering changes they are currently making (FSD AP improvements in upcoming v11 from Lex Fridman interview), I am skeptical of robotaxi for the foreseeable future. I don’t even believe the current shipping hardware is sufficient. They will have to add more cameras to handle 90 degree left/right views at intersections, and maybe faster AI chips.

But TSLA will do fine, growing at 70% YoY without robotaxi. I really don’t see why people think Tesla needs it.

Pierre had multiple points that gave him doubts and they are reasonable.

1. Will robotaxi demand be low in the near term? Waymo's program has demonstrated that demand for driverless taxi is low when it's too geofenced + not enough early adopters. This is currently true in Phoenix Arizona. Could just be that the tech is ahead of it's time so for the near term I agree with Pierre that if FSD was solved tomorrow, it'll take awhile before we have universal acceptance. When lives are on the line, people would like to wait a few years to see real world statistics and how often accidents happen. We understand that the media eats up any Tesla's mistakes and the first FSD accident will probably end up in the supreme court in the fight against Tesla's rollout given the spectacle it'll generate. I see major risk here.

2. Will robotaxi be profitable? Pierre mentioned google fiber being expensive. Ride hailing is also expensive. Uber being a software company makes only 38% gross margins on their revenue. This is absolutely abysmal when compared to other software makers. The reason is due to high cost on insurance and customer service, taking 40% of their total revenue. So it's going to be a long road ahead to reach profitability on ride hailing robotaxies. We are expecting revenue per customer to go down due to having no driver and to compete with people who own cars. However with price going down, we should see influx in demand which is where robotaxies should make it up. Taking marketshare from Uber is easy, however would half priced robotaxies make people want to ditch their cars completely? I think yes in the distant future, but not anytime soon.

So with Pierre I believe he thinks in the short term robotaxies will be a hard business to make profitable. FSD subscription/buy in he sees are much more profitable than to deal with the expense of the ride hailing network and the potential for a near term lack in demand. Also the price of Tesla's being 35k for Tesla to produce doesn't help with that profitability equation, but a simple 15k car with 2 seats or something may change things around.
 
1) With all due respect to Phoenix, Arizona, but who needs a cab there anyway? Who goes there who already does not have their own car :)
So not a relevant point. Plus, from the videos provided, Waymo is not very good at its businesses - the pick up positions and final destinations are pre set and often hundreds of meters from where you want the cab to be.

2) Uber is expensive because it needs to pay the driver. Plus, Tesla will take care of the insurance. Plus, electricity is much cheaper than gas. Plus. robotaxis can be operational 24/7, and not typically 8 hours/day, 6 days per week. Completely different model.

I’m

3) Plus. Uber is often a PITA. I travel a lot and Ubers to and from airports is hit and miss for me. Many ‘scheduled’ rides don’t show. And you are left scrambling last minute. Other times drivers text to figure out where you are going from airport then cancel or have ‘a flat tire’ on the way to you as ride takes them out of their sweet spot. RoTas won’t care. Plus I don’t wan’t to risk offending drivers by telling them I don’t feel like listening to their playlist through my earbuds or to adjust the temperature to my liking.
 
Options for introducing the new service:
  1. Introduce in cities one by one and wipe out Uber etc. (won't go down well with drivers - political headache)
  2. Introduce in cities simultaneously (RT for many years will be used like a fairground ride but poor customer experience as swapping between apps to find an available Uber or RT)
  3. Introduce in cities one by one but only up to 50% capacity to provide competition only (won't go down well with drivers - political headache plus poor customer experience as swapping between apps to find an available Uber or RT)
  4. Integrate with Uber (plenty of downsides but avoids the problems above)
  5. Provide high cost long distance travel only initially. Compete with airport taxis etc for a few years. Avoids all above problems. Start at 30 mile minimum travel initially and ramp down to 5 mile minimum after a few years and no minimum after 10 years (2033 etc.). This won't wipe out Uber etc. for many years. All bookings must be reserved ahead of time initially.
 
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A small percentage of cars produce a disproportionate percentage of emissions. The impact is going to be much faster than you estimate because cars which are used most will be the first to be replaced because to cost to operate an EV is so much lower. You already see this as Uber and Lyft drivers gravitate towards Teslas. High mileage commuters will also migrate to EVs quickly.

That Corvette which is parked in your garage counts as one of those 1 billion automobiles, but uses 1/100th the amount of fuel as most daily drivers. You don’t need to remove half a billion cars from the road to reduce emissions by 50%. Removing the 10% heaviest emitters will likely reduce carbon by 50% or more.

This is why the Tesla Semi, Cybertruck, and Robotaxi are so important.
 
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A small percentage of cars produce a disproportionate percentage of emissions. The impact is going to be much faster than you estimate because cars which are used most will be the first to be replaced.
That'd be great, but it's not what we're doing. We're allocating 80 kWh, 100 kWh and more on garage queens that drive ~10k/year. Worse yet, we're actually subsidizing this!

Batteries are a precious resource, and will be for at least the rest of the decade. We could transition 4-5x faster by pushing long range batteries into high-usage applications like taxi/Uber, delivery vans and trucking while restricting low-use personal cars to ~20 kWh. I know people object strongly to PHEVs on religious grounds, but used properly they can deliver 4x the oil reduction bang per buck.

The 18 kWh RAV4 Prime can do all commuting on kWhs from the same wall plug as a 80+ kWh Model Y LR. Make the ICE E-85 and the other 20% of driving would only be 15% petroleum. That's a 97% oil reduction with a small fraction of the kWhs.

We'd rather posture and back-pat (and get rich) than do what makes sense.
 
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That'd be great, but it's not what we're doing. We're allocating 80 kWh, 100 kWh and more on garage queens that drive ~10k/year. Worse yet, we're actually subsidizing this!

Batteries are a precious resource, and will be for at least the rest of the decade. We could transition 4-5x faster by pushing long range batteries into high-usage applications like taxi/Uber, delivery vans and trucking while restricting low-use personal cars to ~20 kWh. I know people object strongly to PHEVs on religious grounds, but used properly they can deliver 4x the oil reduction bang per buck.

The 18 kWh RAV4 Prime can do all commuting on kWhs from the same wall plug as a 80+ kWh Model Y LR. Make the ICE E-85 and the other 20% of driving would only be 15% petroleum. That's a 97% oil reduction with a small fraction of the kWhs.

We'd rather posture and back-pat (and get rich) than do what makes sense.

People who buy EVs self-select. Some select based on the fact that they personally want a greener car. Some of them buy an EV because the cost to operate them is massively lower than the cost to operate an ICE vehicle. Some EVs are certainly “Garage Queens”, but word has gotten out within the high mileage driver community. Uber drivers are using them. Tesla semi will be a huge winner very soon. The financial payback for people who drive a bunch is too compelling to ignore at this point.

Also. I’m not a fan of the subsidies myself, but subsidies are ending on the most egregious garage queens.
 
That'd be great, but it's not what we're doing. We're allocating 80 kWh, 100 kWh and more on garage queens that drive ~10k/year. Worse yet, we're actually subsidizing this!

Batteries are a precious resource, and will be for at least the rest of the decade. We could transition 4-5x faster by pushing long range batteries into high-usage applications like taxi/Uber, delivery vans and trucking while restricting low-use personal cars to ~20 kWh. I know people object strongly to PHEVs on religious grounds, but used properly they can deliver 4x the oil reduction bang per buck.

The 18 kWh RAV4 Prime can do all commuting on kWhs from the same wall plug as a 80+ kWh Model Y LR. Make the ICE E-85 and the other 20% of driving would only be 15% petroleum. That's a 97% oil reduction with a small fraction of the kWhs.

We'd rather posture and back-pat (and get rich) than do what makes sense.
Tesla's success with Model S garage queens funded the creation of a charging network and mass produce the Model 3/Y.

But now I agree, Tesla should, and they are, turn their attention to high mileage vehicles such as Semi. If they ever are successful with RoboTaxis, it will have dramatic decrease in green house gas production.
 
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On second look, this was wrong and greatly understated the cash flow needs to build the Tesla Network fleet.

If the taxi costs $30k to make and has a $30k payback per year, then that’s an amazing ROI with an expected cash flow stream worth about $200k. But even so, the monthly profit is only $2.5k. It takes a year to make back the money spent on manufacturing. As the saying goes, you gotta spend money to make money.

If for example in steady state conditions they make 100k robotaxis per month it’ll be a monthly manufacturing cost of $3B or $36B invested in year one. Profits from that linearly growing fleet would have been 0.5 * $2.5k * 1.2M cars * 12 months = $18B. So with linear growth you’d need $36B - $18B = $18B in free cash to make up the gap until positive cash flow begins in Month 13.

With exponential growth, the lag effect is somewhat stronger. To hold things equal, let’s imagine they still spend $36B making 1.2M cars in Year 1 but they did it with exponential growth at 80% annualized or 5% month over month. That scenario is more realistic for the production ramp and is shown in the table below.

Note:
  • 19 months until positive monthly cash flow when the fleet profits finally eclipse manufacturing costs from growing the fleet
  • 32 months for the program to break even on total cumulative earnings
  • Maximum of $23B of working capital required cumulatively before reaching positive earnings on Month 19
MonthProduction (K)Manufacturing Cost ($B)Fleet Size, Cumulative (K)Fare Profit ($B)Net Cash Flow ($B)Running Cumulative Cash Flow Summation at End of Month ($B)
175$ (2.25)38$ 0.09$ (2.16)$ (2.16)
279$ (2.36)114$ 0.29$ (2.08)$ (4.23)
383$ (2.48)195$ 0.49$ (1.99)$ (6.23)
487$ (2.60)280$ 0.70$ (1.91)$ (8.13)
591$ (2.73)369$ 0.92$ (1.81)$ (9.94)
696$ (2.87)462$ 1.16$ (1.72)$ (11.66)
7101$ (3.02)560$ 1.40$ (1.61)$ (13.27)
8106$ (3.17)663$ 1.66$ (1.51)$ (14.78)
9111$ (3.32)772$ 1.93$ (1.40)$ (16.18)
10116$ (3.49)885$ 2.21$ (1.28)$ (17.45)
11122$ (3.67)1004$ 2.51$ (1.15)$ (18.61)
12128$ (3.85)1130$ 2.82$ (1.02)$ (19.63)
13135$ (4.04)1261$ 3.15$ (0.89)$ (20.52)
14141$ (4.24)1399$ 3.50$ (0.74)$ (21.26)
15148$ (4.45)1544$ 3.86$ (0.59)$ (21.86)
16156$ (4.68)1696$ 4.24$ (0.44)$ (22.30)
17164$ (4.91)1856$ 4.64$ (0.27)$ (22.57)
18172$ (5.16)2024$ 5.06$ (0.10)$ (22.66)
19180$ (5.41)2200$ 5.50$ 0.09$ (22.58)
20190$ (5.69)2385$ 5.96$ 0.28$ (22.30)
21199$ (5.97)2579$ 6.45$ 0.48$ (21.82)
22209$ (6.27)2783$ 6.96$ 0.69$ (21.13)
23219$ (6.58)2998$ 7.49$ 0.91$ (20.22)
24230$ (6.91)3222$ 8.06$ 1.15$ (19.07)
25242$ (7.26)3459$ 8.65$ 1.39$ (17.68)
26254$ (7.62)3707$ 9.27$ 1.65$ (16.04)
27267$ (8.00)3967$ 9.92$ 1.92$ (14.12)
28280$ (8.40)4240$ 10.60$ 2.20$ (11.92)
29294$ (8.82)4527$ 11.32$ 2.50$ (9.42)
30309$ (9.26)4829$ 12.07$ 2.81$ (6.61)
31324$ (9.72)5145$ 12.86$ 3.14$ (3.47)
32340$ (10.21)5477$ 13.69$ 3.48$ 0.01

Now let’s run it again but assume that the 80% production CAGR requires ongoing CapEx of $6B/year or $0.5B/month. We will assume Tesla gets ever more efficient with CapEx per unit of capacity as they have been for years, so we’ll keep it at the same level for the whole time.

Now we don’t start making positive cash flow until Month 22, need a maximum of $32B of investable cash, and break even overall at Month 36.

MonthProduction (K)Manufacturing Cost ($B)Fleet Size, Cumulative (K)Fare Profit ($B)Manufacturing Expansion CapEx ($B)Net Cash Flow ($B)Running Cumulative Cash Flow Summation at End of Month ($B)
175$ (2.25)38$ 0.09$ (0.50)$ (2.66)$ (2.66)
279$ (2.36)114$ 0.29$ (0.50)$ (2.58)$ (5.23)
383$ (2.48)195$ 0.49$ (0.50)$ (2.49)$ (7.73)
487$ (2.60)280$ 0.70$ (0.50)$ (2.41)$ (10.13)
591$ (2.73)369$ 0.92$ (0.50)$ (2.31)$ (12.44)
696$ (2.87)462$ 1.16$ (0.50)$ (2.22)$ (14.66)
7101$ (3.02)560$ 1.40$ (0.50)$ (2.11)$ (16.77)
8106$ (3.17)663$ 1.66$ (0.50)$ (2.01)$ (18.78)
9111$ (3.32)772$ 1.93$ (0.50)$ (1.90)$ (20.68)
10116$ (3.49)885$ 2.21$ (0.50)$ (1.78)$ (22.45)
11122$ (3.67)1004$ 2.51$ (0.50)$ (1.65)$ (24.11)
12128$ (3.85)1130$ 2.82$ (0.50)$ (1.52)$ (25.63)
13135$ (4.04)1261$ 3.15$ (0.50)$ (1.39)$ (27.02)
14141$ (4.24)1399$ 3.50$ (0.50)$ (1.24)$ (28.26)
15148$ (4.45)1544$ 3.86$ (0.50)$ (1.09)$ (29.36)
16156$ (4.68)1696$ 4.24$ (0.50)$ (0.94)$ (30.30)
17164$ (4.91)1856$ 4.64$ (0.50)$ (0.77)$ (31.07)
18172$ (5.16)2024$ 5.06$ (0.50)$ (0.60)$ (31.66)
19180$ (5.41)2200$ 5.50$ (0.50)$ (0.41)$ (32.08)
20190$ (5.69)2385$ 5.96$ (0.50)$ (0.22)$ (32.30)
21199$ (5.97)2579$ 6.45$ (0.50)$ (0.02)$ (32.32)
22209$ (6.27)2783$ 6.96$ (0.50)$ 0.19$ (32.13)
23219$ (6.58)2998$ 7.49$ (0.50)$ 0.41$ (31.72)
24230$ (6.91)3222$ 8.06$ (0.50)$ 0.65$ (31.07)
25242$ (7.26)3459$ 8.65$ (0.50)$ 0.89$ (30.18)
26254$ (7.62)3707$ 9.27$ (0.50)$ 1.15$ (29.04)
27267$ (8.00)3967$ 9.92$ (0.50)$ 1.42$ (27.62)
28280$ (8.40)4240$ 10.60$ (0.50)$ 1.70$ (25.92)
29294$ (8.82)4527$ 11.32$ (0.50)$ 2.00$ (23.92)
30309$ (9.26)4829$ 12.07$ (0.50)$ 2.31$ (21.61)
31324$ (9.72)5145$ 12.86$ (0.50)$ 2.64$ (18.97)
32340$ (10.21)5477$ 13.69$ (0.50)$ 2.98$ (15.99)
33357$ (10.72)5826$ 14.57$ (0.50)$ 3.34$ (12.65)
34375$ (11.26)6192$ 15.48$ (0.50)$ 3.72$ (8.92)
35394$ (11.82)6577$ 16.44$ (0.50)$ 4.12$ (4.80)
36414$ (12.41)6981$ 17.45$ (0.50)$ 4.54$ (0.26)

This is generously assuming that the Tesla Network immediately hits the goal of $2.5k per month profit per vehicle from inception, and that Tesla continues to sell a bunch of their overall production to private owners instead of going 100% Robotaxi which would require more like $100B in total cash to do starting at expected 2024 run rates.

Building out a gigantic fleet at top speed while also supposedly investing a bunch in Optimus, mining and VPPs will require so much working capital if anything, another equity offering to raise capital seems much more likely than a share buyback at least until around 2027.
Above was from May and referred to below:
How would a share buyback help accelerate the transition to sustainable energy?

That is literally the sole criterion Tesla cares about. Buying back shares means either having less cash or having more debt, which limits Tesla's options and raises the risk of mission failure, so unless there's a compensating justification then it's not going to happen.

Tesla developing a robotaxi fleet would. Tesla becoming an electric utility would. It turns out that both of these ideas are already in the plans and either one could swallow up Tesla's entire current cash balance and all upcoming cash flows. You, investors, don't have to believe that a robotaxi fleet scaleup is imminent, but what matters is that Tesla's leadership team does believe that and have repeatedly stated that is the plan, and the plan is going to determine Tesla's near-term cash allocation decisions.

I did the math back in May about how much capital might be required if Tesla solved autonomy and announced they're no longer going to accept new orders for private vehicles due to the fact that vehicles on the Tesla Network are 5x-10x more valuable towards the mission. #341,377 . Hint: It's a lot, even with each Robotaxi paying for its own production cost quickly.

How about solar and batteries? If Tesla stops selling those and instead eats the upfront investment cost and then sells the grid services, that can suck up a lot of capital too, and because it would have a slower payback period than robotaxis, the cumulative capital requirement could be in the hundreds of billions. Roughly, if Tesla deployed 1 TWh of Megapacks with an optimistic all-in cost of $100/kWh, that's $100B right there. Now add in solar generation capacity investments which is on the order of another $100B.

Pierre Ferragu asked on the Q1 call about how Tesla will spend $500B cash by 2030, and the response was:


Has that much really changed since April?
Will Tesla choose to own the RTs and Bots is the singular key question for hyper bulls. My $375T market cap in 2030 estimate assumes so. Another benefit that I haven't previously documented is that Tesla can redistribute wealth much better this way by using a percentage of bots and RTs charitably.

Gigapress has TE being a drain (upscaling grid) on RTs rather than sponsoring RT and bot purchases in my model. Either way, the results by 2040 would be off the hook.
 
You'd have to pay to maintain, insure, charge, clean, and manage that self-driving robo-taxi - I'm not sure you'd break even at the rates described in this model.
Not sure if you are referring to Omar's or mine. Maintenance, insurance, charging, cleaning & mgt costs are all minimal in comparison to revenue. My model has RT net profit at $50k per annum per vehicle (not including vehicle cost or depreciation). Totally doable if revenue is ~$100k. That is $0.19 per minute (or mile) average which is a lot less than Uber. RT will be a premium over Uber as there is no driver and the autonomous party trick entertainment will last for years across 7 Bn people. 24 hour usage is not unreasonable when you consider them as slightly uncomfortable mobile hotel rooms.
 
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