$17 EPS in the near future is extremely unlikely. This is not the way Musk operates. When the current operation starts to print money Tesla will use that money to start new products, features that initially will take time to become profitable. You should read the secret plan. it is not to make money as fast as possible, but to advance sustainable transportation, etc. Being profitable is important, some programs being very profitable is also important to help starting projects. This will not be a dividend play as long as Musk is the CEO.
Faster growth does come at the expense of short term profits due to higher R&D, higher product ramp costs, higher depreciation etc.
However this just lowers profits, it does not make profits impossible.
You need to look at every company in detail on a case by case basis to see where the growth vs profits tradeoff balances out.
In Tesla's case it looks very likely that they have hit escape velocity and profits can grow significantly while still investing to grow at its maximum rate (bottlenecked by other factors such as management bandwidth, regulatory permits, labour availability etc).
A key reason why it looks like they have reached this profit escape velocity is because of the extreme R&D efficiency at Elon's companies. They can invent a huge number of things and bring a huge number of products to market on a relatively small R&D budget. R&D would have to grow in the 100s of %s to cancel out gross profit growth.
They have also worked to increase capex efficiency, but it is harder to have as dramatic an advantage here as they have for R&D relative to the market. I think Tesla may step up capex (and M&A) as profit and operating cash flow grow to maximise volume growth and run the company to free cash flow neutral. However I think this will still deliver rapidly increasing profits from here.