Hey guys, how does Tesla size the number of powerwalls needed for an installation?
When I went through the process it seemed more like the reverse, they asked me how many Powerwalls I wanted and then determined whether that would be enough for whole-house backup or only critical loads. Seems to largely be driven by the largest power loads, in my case they said one was sufficient for the whole house. The 5kW max continuous output of its inverter and 30A breaker used per-Powerwall sets the limit, effectively ~41A total or ~25A per phase in a split-phase system common in the US (using an 85% derating for the breaker amperage).
How do they back up some circuits but not others? Is it by use of a transfer switch?
Yes, the Backup Gateway performs two functions, it contains the electronics used to collect all of the data for the Tesla app and control of the Powerwall(s), and also includes the automatic transfer switch to disconnect the grid during an outage. So if you have whole-house backup then all of the house circuits are moved to a breaker panel installed after the Gateway, if it's partial backup then the non-backed-up loads remain in a service panel on the grid-side of the Gateway. Looks like they do the same with generation, when they wired my panels they put one solar inverter on the grid-side of the Gateway and the other on the backed-up-side.
It seems that it could be easier to just oversize the powerwall sizing and let it backfired the whole home and take manual steps to not use any high consumption devices during an outage.
Easier on everything other than the wallet, sure.
Since they're not free sometimes the extra cost isn't worth it if all it takes is not using certain appliances during an outage. Room for more Powerwalls could be an issue, also.
In my case, since I plan to add A/C to the house later, and will probably switch to an electric dryer when my current gas one dies, might get at least a plug-in hybrid vehicle the next time, etc., I'll probably need to add a second Powerwall later to keep the whole-house backup, but until then it just doesn't make sense to pay for a second one that I wouldn't be using right now.