This probably isn't going to help much but the marking "RS-485" tells you that communication uses that protocol which you can look up. This will tell you something about the signalling, the voltage levels etc. With a volt meter you might learn something - with an oscilloscope even more. There should be a small voltage across the + and - terminals and, clearly, when hooked up properly, that should be the same at both ends. In addition to which there should be a small voltage between the + and - terminals when the wires are disconnected. This assumes that the gear has the sort of standard pull-up/pull-down terminating network which it doesn't necessarily have. You could also power down, disconnect the comm wires and check the impedance between the two terminals. It should be about 100 Ω. Again that depends on the terminating network, if any, but whatever the case the two units should be the same. Clearly a dead short between the terminals would be a clue.