Not so much. Choose your words carefully.
The distinguishing feature between 4WD and AWD is how the "center differential" is handled - a 4WD system doesn't allow any slippage between the front and rear so they are always spinning at the same speed, while the torque may vary widely with grip.
AWD systems will allow some degree of speed difference and as you say vary widely from open systems that equalize torque in all conditions (and thus are stranded by a single wheel with no grip at all) to systems that can lock multiple differentials.
Note that the vast majority of historical production 4WD systems only lock the front/rear linkage, with open differentials at front and rear and are thus stopped by a single front wheel and a single rear wheel slipping. More off road focused systems may have a locking, limited slip, or torsen differential at the rear. Only the most extreme off road factory versions have one at the front as well.
Tesla controls front to rear power with the individual motors and drive inverters, and uses the brake on the spinning wheel to raise the overall torque level on the open differential as needed, as you said.
