A very quick Google search turned up this:
US20080137908A1 - Detecting and recognizing traffic signs - Google Patents
which indicates an expiration of 9/20/2030.
However, that does not necessarily mean that we have to wait until then for other self-driving or semi-autonomous systems to be able to use this technology. It is very common practice to license or cross-license technology. Granted, MobileEye and Tesla don't have the world's best relationship, but if Tesla has any compelling patents that they have not open-sourced (I haven't heard much about Tesla's open patents lately, and I wonder if it would only apply to electric drivetrain related patents, and not self-driving patents), then they may have something that MobileEye wants and would want to consider cross-licensing. Actually the way it works in the real world is that a whole bunch of patents would be bundled up and cross-licensed as a whole, because nobody has ALL the necessary pieces for a full system.