Max already addressed the LATCH with booster seat question but here is a link to the booster seat in question in case anyone is curious (assuming TMC allows links like this):
https://smile.amazon.com/gp/product/B00AHVR7ZI/ref=oh_aui_detailpage_o08_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1
I had a look at the NHTSA site you indicated but didn't see any specific references to seat belt extenders. It does reiterate the same info that Max provided about how a seat belt is supposed to fit for proper function.
I know you mean well but trust me, the last thing I need is a link to another website with generalized info on car seats. Like many responsible fathers I did fairly extensive (perhaps even excessive) research on the subject. You initially indicated that California prohibits the use of seat belt extenders with all "child seats". I asked for a reference to that information. Answering with your link is kind of like handing me a library card when I ask about a specific quote from Scene I, Act III of The Taming of the Shrew.
The best I can give you is just Verbal. When the NHTSA trained my daughter to be an installer and trainer, no additions to the buckles and attachments that the manufacturer of both the car and the seat provide are allowed.