Even if your laptop is not USB-PD powered (as most are these days) you can find DC to DC converters for just about any laptop which should be more efficient at delivering power to your laptop in the car. It may be called a mobile adapter or mobile charger. The cheapest ones are the ones that come with a variety of tips for different laptops and voltages, but there is usually a dedicated one just for your laptop model you can get. If your laptop is USB-PD, such adapters are low cost and tiny.
It is very rare for a laptop to take 150w (and especially unlikely if it uses USB-PD, though that was recently upgraded to support up to 200w.) Most commonly they take 60w or 100w -- 20v at 3a or 5a. All of which your car can provide easily. More to the point, even if somehow your laptop does peak at 150w, that will be the peak, and almost never drawn. The only time it would be drawn is if your laptop's battery is empty and at the same time you run a super intense game or AI training application or something else that maxes out the CPUs and GPUS. So the simple answer is, don't do that if your battery is empty, but in reality, I will wager you don't actually draw 150w.
Good news with the Tesla 12v socket. They don't have a fuse. Instead, they have a smart digital circuit breaker that cuts the power if current gets too high too long, and then resets. So you don't have to replace a fuse if you load it too much.