Without ABS, an experienced driver will go lighter on the brakes as soon as they feel it lock up. Some time later, he'd press the break again, perhaps not as hard this time. The computer, on the other hand, can apply a HUGE braking force, up to the point that the wheel's JUST BARELY lock for a fraction of a second, then let go and repeat. If you think in terms of impulse and momentum, the larger breaking force can make up for the shorter overall time it is applied. If the impulse of the breaking force of each pump of the ABS is larger than what a person would deliver, this means less time and distance is required to stop the car. It turns out that this is the observed behavior when real people drive cars in most conditions, although it's not always the case.