...responsibility for accidents to be on the owners...
It can be a messy process but in the end, the owner of a property will be likely the first and last one held liable and it's up to the owner to shift that liability to someone else.
Usually, an owner is responsible after a purchase.
If I own a sidewalk and a pedestrian tripped an fall, I'll be the first one to be named for being liable.
I then can shift that liability to home insurance.
Home insurance can shift that liability to the construction company that made the accident-prone sidewalk that has one section sharply uneven.
...But what happens where the FSD software is completely operating the car - there is no driver monitoring operation - and may not be anyone actually in the vehicle?...
Elon Musk said if it's the automation's failure, Tesla will pick that liability up.
But it might be messy to prove it's automation failure such as if the manual says FSD is not meant for snow and an owner didn't read that and the car would automatically pick up a ride in the snow storm.
Tesla might be able to say it's the owner's responsibility to monitor weather and manually block ride booking during a snow.
Thus, it's not the automation failure as it works as intended in clear weather and allowing it to automatically pick up rides in inclement weather is not covered.
Since there's no driver in FSD, most likely police will give a ticket to the car. The court then looks up who owns the car and hold the owner liable.
It's kind of messy.
It's possible that owner can shift the software malfunction to Tesla as the owner clearly set the system at speed limit but the software ran above speed limits on its own.
Tesla can then pay the ticket monetary penalty but most likey, the owner will have to bear the non-monetary point penalty.
That way, both owner and Tesla can be punished: owner for allowing a malfunctioned car operation and Tesla for software malfunction.