I fully agree but also fear that if Elon Musk keeps ignoring the social issues that are rising globally, this ethos might be disrupted and delayed for a decade or two -- fascism is getting increasingly popular around the world nowadays... Just like the adoption of cars had to pause for WWII (see OP's graph), rising inequality threatens the transition that Elon Musk is wishing for. Social issues could delay the transition or simply cancel it due to a societal collapse that mankind never experienced.
This forum seems to admit that climate change is a huge risk but there's still very little awareness/talk about the ongoing extinction that puts life at risk here on Earth. This is far more dangerous than the "climate change thing". Climate change is only one factor of the biodiversity collapse that we're already experiencing. Stopping it requires a far bigger plan, in a much shorter time. Combine the many effects of this collapse around the world societies (while inequality keeps rising) and you'll have a hard time promoting a good ethos.
Musk seems still blind to these social issues (cf. his recent tweets about the non-issue that is inequality). I've also never heard him on the subject of the ongoing disintegration of biological ecosystems, only about climate change.
PS: if you haven't yet read about this, please read the IPBES report
Assessment Report on Scenarios and Models of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services | IPBES. As for the rise of inequality, even The (neoliberal) Economist is starting to worry about its effect on democracy:
As inequality grows, so does the political influence of the rich.
The world climate had changed much more dramatically than it has in the last century and the world is still here. For 90% of the last 2 million years the average world temperature was about 6C colder than it has been the last 10,000. For the bulk of world history it's been significantly warmer. The world was warm enough for about 100 million years for a shallow sea to extend from Texas to Montana. The shoreline of this sea varied a lot over time and when it rose, forests along the shore got inundated and buried in silt, where they turned into coal. Montana has a lot of coal because of this.
The world has been warmer than it is now at least three times during human's time on Earth. About 6000 BC there was several hundred years of very warm weather right about the time humans started farming. There was another warm period during the Roman era. When Hannibal's army crossed the Alps, they crossed valleys that are impassible today because there are glaciers in them. Around 1000 AD during the Medieval Warming period Vikings established self sustaining colonies in Greenland. The colonies initially kept themselves going by farming the land. In 1721 a missionary from Norway set out to convert the Viking settlers whom had been off the radar for 200 years. All he found were ruins and a few documents left behind. The colonies starved to death as the world got colder and the Little Ice Age took hold. During that same period England was known for its wine production.
Europeans began to explore the world just before the Little Ice Age hit (around 1600) and our scientific understanding of the world grew up during that time. Dickens defined what we think of as Christmas, but London hasn't been that cold in the winter since the Little Ice Age ended about the time the industrial revolution got going.
It is true that our burning of fossil fuels has increased the CO2 levels in the atmosphere, but at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution CO2 levels were among the lowest in world history. The Cliffs of Dover were created from the shells of shell fish who made their shells from dissolved CO2 in the oceans. There has been no time in the last few million years that shell fish have been that abundant. There hasn't been enough CO2 to support them.
Among scientists Geologists have studied climate longer than anyone and on much longer arcs than anyone. Also Geologists are more likely to doubt human CO2 is contributing to climate change to any large degree. But most stay quiet because they don't want to be shouted down by the rest of the world who think it's an existential threat, and most feel (even some petroleum Geologists) believe we should be moving away from fossil fuels for other reasons than CO2, so it's a matter of why people do it doesn't matter, it's just that you do it.
If the world really does warm up, whether it's primary on humans or not, it will cause flooding problems in coastal cities, some low lying islands will have problems, but it will open up new farm land in Canada and Siberia. For most of human history there has been a lot of land unusable because it's too cold. Human civilization would be challenged to move the cities to higher ground, but the threat from global warming is small compared to the other big threats we face.
Ultimately our biggest problems all stem from too many people on this planet: farm land is getting exhausted from over production year after year, the oceans are badly over fished, some mineral wealth is getting harder to find and more expensive to mine (including oil), and the world oceans are drowning in plastic. Many of these problems are coming from the developing world, not the developed world. The US, Canada, and I believe Europe have all moved to manage their fisheries in their economic zones. One of the big headaches for the US Coast Guard is chasing out poachers in US waters. The world oceans are being fished out by massive factory ships from Asia.
A study last year found 90% of the plastic in the oceans comes from a handful of rivers, all in Africa and Asia. I heard a story on NPR about the Ganges which has become an open sewer and trash bin. The river is a giant trash tip flowing into the Indian Ocean.
North America has a thin enough population to be able to feed itself quite easily. The US has been one of the biggest agricultural exporters for decades. Australia also exports a lot because they have a big continent with a small population. But Eurasia and Africa has to import a lot of food. Europe is densely populated, but they do a better job managing their resources than Asia or Africa. China and India mostly are able to feed their people with their own agriculture, but that could end soon. Both countries have been relying on ground water for their crops and China's aquifers are almost dry. India is only a few years behind.
When they run out of water, it could trigger a world food crisis that would leave 2/3 of the planet hungry.
South and Central Americas are a bit crowded, but not as bad as the "Old World".
The developed world is guilty of putting most of the extra CO2 in the atmosphere, but history has shown that if the biosphere is working, CO2 is scrubbed out of the atmosphere within a few years. There is a way of measuring the CO2 levels at points in time by measuring the stomata (pores) on the leaves of plants. When CO2 s abundant, the pores are small, and when it is thinner the stomata gets bigger.
With this method a far more accurate measure of CO2 can be taken, but we're limited to leaf samples (fossils will do) and we need to know when they are from. We have a lot of plant samples gathered during the Age of Discovery so we can see CO2 variations year to year during the time those samples were collected and compare then to today. Mount Tambora in modern day Indonesia erupted in 1815. It was so massive the dust in the atmosphere caused a short nuclear winter scenario over the next few years. It was studies of that eruption that led to the whole nuclear winter scenario.
From study of plant stomata, it looks like CO2 levels went to about 400 ppm soon after the eruption and stayed high for a few years, but by around 1820 the CO2 levels were back to their baseline of around 200 ppm. The volcano produced enough CO2 in one burp to match everything humans have done since the 1870s.
The problem is as we have burned fossil fuels we've also done a lot of damage to the biosphere. There is not as much plankton in the oceans as a few years ago and we've cut down a lot of the forests that were there in the early 1800s.
As you pointed out our destruction of the biosphere is far more of a risk that our production of CO2. But ultimately it comes back to there being too many people on this planet. We're above the carrying capacity of the world. A lot of people are aware of this, but it's the problem that is impossible to even discuss for very long. All the conclusions involve a significant number of humans dying in a short period of time. Anybody who would suggest any of the things humans can do for that problem other than limit our birthrate and hope for the best would correctly be labeled a monster.