There was a transport network for Lend-Lease aircraft going to the USSR that started in Montana, flew them up through Canada and Alaska to Nome, then flew them across the Bering Straits to the Soviet Union. Soviets were seen getting off aircraft in Montana, disappearing for weeks, then returning to fly back to Russia. There was some evidence these were industrial spies collecting information on how the US made things. When Roosevelt was made aware of it, he sluffed it off. Churchill also thought Roosevelt caved in to Stalin's demands too much.
Churchill was a well known anti-communist before the war. When Hitler invaded the Soviet Union he said "If Hitler invaded Hell, I would at least make a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons".
Both Roosevelt and Churchill dragged their feet about opening a second front in western Europe as long as possible because of the practical issue of logistics. The Soviet Union's war with Germany was a land war and the logistics of engaging the enemy were much simpler than land combat for the Western Allies. Amphibious invasions are probably the most complex thing to get right in warfare and the deeper the enemy's territory, the tougher the job. An island is over except the shouting if you can get the troops onshore initially, can isolate the island, and can keep the troops supplied while fighting is going on. Tough but doable with a good navy.
Invading a large land mass has all those problems with the added problem that the enemy can bring in reinforcements and it's a lot harder to stop them. Invading French North Africa was about as difficult as invading an island because the French did not have a lot of resources to resist the landing and the Vichy French allegiance to Germany was iffy to being with.
Churchill thought invading Italy would be the way onto the continent, but the same thing that allowed the Allies to get ashore and established is the same thing that allowed the Germans to bottle them up. Italy is a relatively narrow peninsula with a poor road and rail network compared to Northern Europe) at the time. It's also very mountainous.
The Allies were able to quickly take Sicily and the boot of Italy, then Anzio was pulled off with big surprise, but because of the Germans were able to scramble and bottle up the Allies on the Anzio beachhead for months. It was called the largest prison camp in Europe. The Germans were also able to fortify their entire position and keep the Allies from gaining much ground for a long time. The Allies didn't really move up Italy until Germany was on the verge of collapse.
Stalin was frustrated because he knew the US had a very large force in the UK and the Commonwealth also had many divisions there long after the threat of German invasion was gone. It seemed like it was taking forever for the Allies to pull off the cross channel invasion and he thought they were just trying to bleed out the USSR a bit more.
But the invasion of France could only be tried once and it had to work perfectly. The odds of success on the day were long enough Eisenhower had already written his resignation letter. As it was the Germans managed to bottle up the Allies on a narrow beachhead until mid-August. It took a large scale battlefield bombing by the 8th AF B-17s to effect the breakout. The German survivors said it was the most terrifying bombardment they ever experienced.
Another thing that helped the breakout was Operation Bagration, which is little known in the west but was one of the biggest offensives in world history. It was timed to pin down as many Germans as possible on the Eastern Front to help the Allies breakout. It's estimated the Germans took around 1/2 million casualties in a period of a few weeks. If the Russians hadn't run out of supply, they could have gone straight to Berlin with no resistance. Of the 47 German division or corps commanders, 31 were killed or captured and Army Group Center completely collapsed. The German losses were on par with Stalingrad, but over a front extending from Estonia to Rumania.
That crisis caused a massive reinforcement shortage on the Western Front and in the west the Germans pulled back to German territory as quickly as possible to try and regroup.
The US had a lot of communist sympathizers among the left before the war and they were favorable towards the USSR during the war. But the rape of Eastern Europe after the war was hard to hide and most of the communist sympathizers realized that communism in action was a pretty brutal thing. Though realistically it was a combination of the way Russians have always fought with a very deep grudge against the Germans for what they did to Russia. You don't mess with Mother Russia.
Churchill was a well known anti-communist before the war. When Hitler invaded the Soviet Union he said "If Hitler invaded Hell, I would at least make a favourable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons".
Both Roosevelt and Churchill dragged their feet about opening a second front in western Europe as long as possible because of the practical issue of logistics. The Soviet Union's war with Germany was a land war and the logistics of engaging the enemy were much simpler than land combat for the Western Allies. Amphibious invasions are probably the most complex thing to get right in warfare and the deeper the enemy's territory, the tougher the job. An island is over except the shouting if you can get the troops onshore initially, can isolate the island, and can keep the troops supplied while fighting is going on. Tough but doable with a good navy.
Invading a large land mass has all those problems with the added problem that the enemy can bring in reinforcements and it's a lot harder to stop them. Invading French North Africa was about as difficult as invading an island because the French did not have a lot of resources to resist the landing and the Vichy French allegiance to Germany was iffy to being with.
Churchill thought invading Italy would be the way onto the continent, but the same thing that allowed the Allies to get ashore and established is the same thing that allowed the Germans to bottle them up. Italy is a relatively narrow peninsula with a poor road and rail network compared to Northern Europe) at the time. It's also very mountainous.
The Allies were able to quickly take Sicily and the boot of Italy, then Anzio was pulled off with big surprise, but because of the Germans were able to scramble and bottle up the Allies on the Anzio beachhead for months. It was called the largest prison camp in Europe. The Germans were also able to fortify their entire position and keep the Allies from gaining much ground for a long time. The Allies didn't really move up Italy until Germany was on the verge of collapse.
Stalin was frustrated because he knew the US had a very large force in the UK and the Commonwealth also had many divisions there long after the threat of German invasion was gone. It seemed like it was taking forever for the Allies to pull off the cross channel invasion and he thought they were just trying to bleed out the USSR a bit more.
But the invasion of France could only be tried once and it had to work perfectly. The odds of success on the day were long enough Eisenhower had already written his resignation letter. As it was the Germans managed to bottle up the Allies on a narrow beachhead until mid-August. It took a large scale battlefield bombing by the 8th AF B-17s to effect the breakout. The German survivors said it was the most terrifying bombardment they ever experienced.
Another thing that helped the breakout was Operation Bagration, which is little known in the west but was one of the biggest offensives in world history. It was timed to pin down as many Germans as possible on the Eastern Front to help the Allies breakout. It's estimated the Germans took around 1/2 million casualties in a period of a few weeks. If the Russians hadn't run out of supply, they could have gone straight to Berlin with no resistance. Of the 47 German division or corps commanders, 31 were killed or captured and Army Group Center completely collapsed. The German losses were on par with Stalingrad, but over a front extending from Estonia to Rumania.
That crisis caused a massive reinforcement shortage on the Western Front and in the west the Germans pulled back to German territory as quickly as possible to try and regroup.
The US had a lot of communist sympathizers among the left before the war and they were favorable towards the USSR during the war. But the rape of Eastern Europe after the war was hard to hide and most of the communist sympathizers realized that communism in action was a pretty brutal thing. Though realistically it was a combination of the way Russians have always fought with a very deep grudge against the Germans for what they did to Russia. You don't mess with Mother Russia.