The Roadster 1.x uses a 32MB NOR flash. There were two flash partitions used for the logs. The permlog was 4MB and the tmplog was 8MB. vms_log was created by concatenating both logs and saving them in the 2011xxxxxxx.tar file. The log_offset file in the tarball tells you where each of the logs ends. This is important because the logs will wrap. If you ignore it, you can read records in the file that are older than the ones in the beginning. You should also verify the Xsum of each record.
The Roadster 2.x uses a much larger NAND flash. There are no dedicated partitions for the temp and perm log files. The log files can be as large or small as needed, but they seem to still wrap at the 4MB and 8MB size and use the log_offset file. It's possible that the permlog can now grow with out limit as I have not seen a 4MB wrapped perm log from a Roadster 2.x. As Tom said, there is a header or ident record (type 1) at the beginning of each section. I didn't notice the bit Tom found to distinguish between the perm and temp sections. It appears that all the record type numbers are unique, so it doesn't really matter which section (i.e. log) they are stored in.