You raise legitimate statements and to reiterate my earlier comments, the expansion of Chinese EVs causing margin compression by 2030 is within the range of plausible outcomes. That is not to say I have replaced a base (i.e. probable) case with this scenario, only that there is a plausible path to lower margin and potentially lower market share in China.
I think 2ish years will give us a much better idea of whether these new compelling entrants can scale and what sort of margins they are prepared to sell at (That's roughly how long Tesla Shanghai took to go from first vehicle produced to 1m capacity). They are too newly released to know with any sort of confidence how quickly they can grow but they benefit from the worlds largest cell supply chain, China's manufacturing prowess and political will to see them succeed. Cleanerwatt estimates that from their factory announcements CATL alone will be producing 300GWh in 2025 - enough to produce ~5m EVs. That's only 18 months away. If "China EV" hasn't really made a dent in volumes by that time then Its far less likely they will be able to catch up with Tesla. How much of GigaShanghai's manufacturing ramp is due to Tesla and how much is due to China?
One of the other differences is that even though Tesla can cut margins, Chinese EVs to an extent, don't need 30% margins if the government will back them through their J curves to see their political goals met. It's an "unfair" competition in that regard. They could happily sit on break even for years. Since I am invested in Tesla I care about Tesla's value based on widget*volume*margin.
Chinese EVs don't need to do well outside China (certainly in the short term, although if their price points are legit at scale they obviously will), they just need to offer a cheap enough price/quality option in China to drag down Tesla's margins to have a valuation impact - how much better does a Tesla EV need to be for the average Chinese citizen to pay a 20%-30% premium? Tesla could be left with a choice to sell at a volume that maintains margins in China, or sacrifice margin for volume - but it depends on how well "China EV" scales. Vehicles are priced at the margin. Never has it been said that Tesla would receive a "knockdown punch" only potentially margin compression and not meeting a pretty aggressive market share of ~25%.
So why is this comment coming up now as opposed to 6 months ago - well it is a number of newly released examples of Chinese EVs that have the features to satisfy the needs of the average buyer at a far cheaper price point that Tesla - that's a new thing. A significant part of the market will just want the EV equivalent of a corolla or accord - which almost by definition is a cheap product.
I completely agree ICE is the first, best loser in this competition. The question, rather selfishly for me, is where does Tesla shake out in the mix in China.
It's a successful investor's job to be selfish when it comes to returns. That simply means you want to find the best returns and there is nothing wrong with that. Logically, the "best" returns have the best risk/reward ratio, which is something that requires an educated guess. I'm not expecting 30% margins on autos come 2025 and that's not required for me to justify TSLA's valuation now and for me to project it will be worth many multiples of that in 2030. What makes TSLA a compelling investment is the way they put innovation front and center. I don't see the Chinese companies doing that because they are risk adverse. They just want to copy the best cars in the world and make them as cheaply as they can. That means they will always be copying the product the leader invented 5 years ago. And the "product" is the factory. I expect copy cat companies to fill the demand at lower price points and at lower profit margins. They will be very successful at this and it will help speed the mission. But, no, they are not a threat to my investment thesis because they are chasing a moving target.
One example: I'm projecting the Cybertruck will be wildly successful in N. America and that, once it's proven and the major wrinkles are ironed out, Tesla will make them at GigaShanghai or a subsequent China factory on a generation II Cybertruck production line for the Chinese market and other geographically convenient markets. I think the economy, durability and versatility of the Cybertruck (and perhaps a follow-up Cybervan) is going to greatly expand the market for pick-ups and vans in China and elsewhere. This is just one example of many of where I think Tesla is headed and my question to you is, "How do these Chinese automakers compete with a company that is always using manufacturing technology to continually make things better and cheaper and willing to take risks rather than copy what is already successful?". So, it's not just innovation, it's vision.
My investment thesis does not depend upon specific examples because the future is hard to see and the Cybertruck is just one example of one idea that could keep Tesla three steps ahead of the competition. Normally, I would never invest in an automaker and, to be honest, I am not so much investing in automaking, per say, but rather a person with a proven ability to create massive value. That value could be in AI, robotics, energy, etc. I really don't care about cars, I care about doing things that make sense in a capital efficient manner. It's no secret that Elon/Tesla let others copy their work and there's a reason for that. Elon thinks moats are lame. He's not happy raking in ever larger piles of money and protecting that money, he wants to do big things that put humanity in a better position, things that make sense, and the measure of how much sense they make is whether they are profitable. Because otherwise you are running a charity and charities are very limited by how much capital you put in them while truly good ideas can do 100X or 1000X as much good. Elon has a proven ability to know the difference and to react to changing conditions.
I'm not going to second guess him on this point because he is intimately familiar with what the Chinese are doing in the EV realm and his answer is simply to push the pedal to the floor and push his employees to continually do things even better than they already are. This is not going to sneak up behind him and gobsmack him because he knows about manufacturing in China more intimately than you and I put together. I don't agree with those who are projecting 30-35% margins as far as the eye can see, and I don't need to in order to value TSLA at 3-4 times it's current value in just a few short years. That's a bull case that I only ascribe a 10% likelihood of.
In the context of how fast Chinese EV competition can scale production you mention estimates that indicate CATL, the largest battery manufacturer in the world, can produce enough batteries for 5M EV's annually by 2025. But guess what? CATL supplies batteries to Tesla also! And 5M vehicles is only 7% of global vehicle production (using 70M vehicles annually as a baseline). On top of this, batteries are not just for cars. Energy storage, semi-trucks, delivery trucks, landscaping equipment, mining and tunnelling, all of these applications (and much more) will be switching to electric. In light of all the untapped demand for batteries it's extremely bullish that Tesla is ramping battery production themselves and sharing their innovations with other battery makers. Elon has said himself that the demand for batteries will outstrip supply as far as the eye can see. This is why I say investors should keep their eyes on the ball and that ball is the batteries (and by extension, the raw materials that comprise batteries). Everyone who is paying attention can see that Elon understands that and is constantly taking action to best protect Tesla's interests.
You speak of new Chinese EV's coming to market and priced 20%-30% cheaper than a current Tesla and mention that Chinese manufacturers don't need a 30% profit margin to make it worthwhile. All true. But manufacturers price vehicles based on what they can sell them for, not how much it costs to make them plus their desired profit margin. They price them as high as they can and still sell everyone they can make. The fact that they are 20-30% cheaper than a Tesla is because that's all they think they can get for them. There is a reason for why Tesla's command a premium and much of that reason would still be valid even if the Chinese EV's were equal to Teslas (and we know they are not). There are two things going on here: Tesla can charge more just because it says "Tesla," and they can charge more because a copy is never as good as the real McCoy. I don't see any indication that will not be the case, at least for the next several years. There is plenty of room for both for many years to come. Yes, the Chinese will reduce the cost to produce as volumes increase and so will Tesla. Tesla will not stop innovating less costly ways to produce either, any Chinese copying of those design/production improvements will be at least 2-3 years behind Tesla, maybe more depending upon the nature of the innovation. But the real answer here is the market for EV's is huge and growing at an astounding rate.