I dunno, except that weekly Options are exercised by Brokers during After-hrs on the Friday (or apparently even on the Saturday following expiry).
Right here, Imma usually ask somebody more experienced in Options, like @kar... or @FC...
Maybe
@Curt Renz or
@StealthP3D can shed some light...
Cheers!
the process under the hood puts it in perspective.
for american style options, and on a regular trading day, an OCC participants (broker, market maker, whatever) options trading activity is compared with OCC’s files at EOD.
the next step is options EnA activity is sent in a file (some poor saps probably key it into OCC portal still) and a comparison is done for that as well, via another position check;
the total position outcome of trading and options EnA (netting/grossing)
netting/grossing is required when an OCC participant must net down grossed up positions, or gross up an erroneously netted position (prior to EnA activity posting)
lot of factors determine how/why positions can be out of whack between a participant and the clearing house (OCC)
you can have wrong opening/closing indicators tagged to the trades at the exchange (order routing code error)
you can have miscommunication between prime broker and the trading entity (trader gives the wrong info to the prime broker)
all examples of fat finger, operational errors, code issues, outright human idiocy, etc
so a broker, or market-maker, can’t exercise options they don’t own, and OCC can’t assign shorts that aren’t short. this netting process is the sanity check before the final EnA activity is processed by OCC, and then applied and reported to all their participants.
on an expiration day,
(some indexes are wed and fri
most equity are fridays only
there might be something that expires on a monday at this point too...but what we’re talking about here is equity options...)
so on an expiration day, you have the process above for anything that’s not expiring. for expiring options, OCC auto exercises anything ITM (in the money) by .01 or greater (unless they announce prior that a series won’t be, due to reasons like trading halts).
you have the option to not exercise contracts that are ITM, knowing that you have just lost your premium if you do that.
you also have the option to exercise something that is at or out of the money, if you think by taking delivery of the stock position, your desired outcome will eventually manifest itself.
it used to be the case that friday expiration took saturday and sunday to process straight through in order to open up monday in synch with OCC
then they shortened the settlement cycle. now it’s barely any work on saturday, meaning the occ files that brokers reconcile to, are out by sat morning instead of sunday.
so no brokers should be ‘exercising’ options on saturdays. even with 2 day settlement the saturday stuff was mostly to handle errors which were clear to both counterparties (remember OCC is in the middle)
it’s kind of like CNS (continuous net settlement) that NSCC (US stk clearing house) uses for stock, except the open close indicators on trades don’t mean as much for stock.
——
now, all that being understood, brokers handle their customer interaction in different ways.
for example, if you exercise a call or put option during that day, IB will post it immediately
- DR options
- CR/DR stock
- CR/DR cash
some may wait until evening processing.
some may even take your exercise request after 530-6pm, but they aren’t doing anything with it until the next day
it’s been a while, but i think 530pm is the OCC daily cutoff for brokers to submit that T/D (trade date) EnA activity, which is for S/D (settlement date) T+1