Fact Checking
Well-Known Member
This claim is indeed counter intuitive.
A dollar bill is an IOU issued by the USA. So when a lot of people in the rest of the world hold US dollars, it means that the US owes those money holders value equal to the amount they hold.
In other words: Every dollar held outside of the USA is a (small) interest free loan to the USA. Added up, this is a big advantage to the USA - and it is a disadvantage to the holders of that money, which loses value every time the US prints more money.
Anyone with a better understanding of this should feel free to reconcile the above two claims.
The reserve currency status of the U.S. dollar is way overrated: the estimated zero interest rate loan to the U.S. by foreign holders of $100 bills (mostly drug lords, tax evaders and other criminals) is estimated to be worth around 20-30 billion dollars per year, which is certainly not zero, but only a tiny 0.10-0.15% of U.S. GDP.
Being able to run trade deficits is not causally linked to reserve currency status: long term trade deficits require a country who is a good debtor and who offers good investment opportunities.
Australia is an example of a persistent trade deficit that is larger than the U.S. trade deficit:
So the claim that reserve currency status forces persistent trade deficits is not just counterintuitive but also wrong.
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