This post is purely speculation so take it for what it is (my guess)...
I'm only sharing this because I'm a software developer and this is how I might design the system.
Video:
We already know the MCU saves video from all cameras for the last X amount of time: for the Model 3, it's 10 minutes. This is likely cached (rolling cache that is overwritten over time) on the SD card inside the MCU so that when you press the dashcam button and save the footage, it copies the cached internal footage to the external SD card.
Driving Data:
We also know that driving data such as throttle position, steering angle, brake usage, speed, GPS location, seatbelt status, and even stuff down to the weight on each seat is recorded. We know that driving data is sent to the Tesla server(s) at least periodically or perhaps, real-time. If I were designing the system, I would have this data sent either real time or at periodic intervals (say every 10 seconds) because no video and just sending important parameters would result in a relatively small upload. While lots of small uploads from lots of cars would add up data-wise, the data could be very valuable to the company.
Crash Data:
When a crash is detected, if the 12v system is still alive, they likely send more detailed information to the server including video from the cameras. This is the part that may be missing if the system lost the ability to upload after the crash: but they may still have the real-time data from before the crash. This might explain why Elon said "so far" and how they can have some data but not all of it (at least yet): because the cached data that would have been stored in the MCU but not yet uploaded cannot be recovered. They may still have some of the smaller non-video periodic or real-time data from just before the crash.
My view on the seatbelts being unbuckled is this. If they were found unbuckled, I see two possibilities. Either they were never buckled or they were buckled and then unbuckled after the crash. If they were never buckled, that rules out AP. If they were buckled and then unbuckled after the crash, it means at least one of the people in the car was conscious to be able to unbuckle them: and if neither got out, it increases the likelihood that one of them was looking for a way out and ended up in the back seat in doing so.
Mike