Does anyone know if there is any sort of tracking available that would delineate/chronicle all these changes by VIN??
Not particularly, but here's a fairly quick breakdown for you.
Prior to 2019, Model S had a numeric name ...
Model S 60: 60 kWh battery
Model S 75D: 75 kWh battery, "D" for Dual Motor
Model S P90D: 90 kWh battery, "D" for Dual Motor, "P" for Performance
Then, 2019 brought us the "Raven" update. This brought a new suspension and other smaller changes to Model S.
2019 Long Range - "Raven", dual motor.
2020 Long Range Plus - "Raven", dual motor, more range.
2021 Long Range Plus - "Raven", dual motor, more range (small bump over 2020)
Then, in 2021, the "Palladium" refresh happened. This was the Big Bang - a much different chassis underneath it all.
2021-2023 Long Range - "Palladium"
2021-2023 Plaid - "Palladium" Performance model
So the only place where it's really confusing is 2021 -- Long Range Plus is the older "Raven" style, Long Range is the "Palladium" vehicle.