In terms of package delivery for hardware drivers, that's not quite what most Linux distributions do. Most hardware drivers go in the Linux kernel package set, which is identical for all computers of a given architecture (AMD64, ARM64, etc.). All the driver modules files are installed locally and the ones that aren't needed are ignored. You can install new or remove old hardware and, in most cases, the computer will boot up and adjust automatically. There are a few exceptions to this rule, such as for proprietary drivers, which usually come in third-party packages (sometimes installable from the distribution's package repository, but sometimes not). Video drivers for the X Window System also go in another set of packages, but they're also usually all installed as a complete set.
That said, non-driver software is typically distributed in something akin to the method you describe -- if you want, say, MythTV installed, you can install it explicitly from the distribution's repository, but an unusual package like that won't be installed by default on most distributions. That said, even then, the local computer doesn't request that the remote server build a unique package; it just downloads and installs individual package files based on what it computes it needs. This minimizes the load on the remote server; it needs only deliver files, not build collections of files into unique packages.
If Tesla's on-board computers are limited in local storage or bandwidth, it might make sense for it to download only what's required, roughly as you suggest. This wouldn't necessarily require the remote server to build a unique package for it, though. If you follow the Linux repository example, Tesla could simply make a bunch of driver packages available to cover all the options, and the car could request exactly what it needs. OTOH, it could be done as you suggest, with the remote server building a single binary blob to be installed, but I'm not sure why that would be necessary. (Maybe if building the blob requires too much in the way of resources for the local computer on the car, but that seems iffy to me.)
Note that I have no inside knowledge of how Tesla does this, so I'm not arguing strongly one way or the other. That said, it's my understanding that Tesla's infotainment computer, at least, is based on Ubuntu, which works in the way I've outlined. (I'm pretty familiar with that side of the story.)