I learned that it's useless arguing with this crowd, as they have no clue when it comes to business accounting. Being a small business owner myself, I know what the tax rates are and they are anything but low. Most tax perks are also being taken away slowly and it's slowly killing small business in this country.
It's absolutely true that the very low tax rates in this country are very specifically designed for rich executives of large corporations, and heirs.
Small business owners get hosed. Well, of course they do -- the policies are written by the people who control *big* businesses, and small businesses constitute competition, so of course big businesses would like to stifle the competition.
Anyway, the capital gains tax rate discounts are obscene. The people who claim that the corporation has paid taxes on this are simply misinformed (or lying), given the nature of capital gains, which can simply be from speculative action (gambling at Vegas, in contrast, is taxed at full rates).
Regarding dividends, there is a real case to be made for allowing companies to deduct dividends from the corporate profits before corporate-level taxes are assessed (this would give companies an incentive to return money to stockholders rather than "reinvesting" it in questionable ventures). There is *no* case for allowing dividends to have a lower *personal* tax rate to the recipient -- none at all. Unless you just want to make sure rich people pay lower tax rates, which is frankly the goal of the people who put these rules in place.
The thing which makes it obvious that the rules are designed solely to help the very rich is this: all of these tax breaks for the rich are designed to lower the top-bracket rate, which matters only to the very rich. They never leave the top bracket rate the same and provide a "discount" for everyone; I believe some European countries have had a something approximating a "first $100 in dividends tax free" rule in the past, which helps the poor with dividends as much as it helps the rich with dividends. But the US tax breaks on capital gains and dividends are designed quite specifically as tax breaks for the rich.