The current Roadster charger will be able to charge the car fully in about 6 hours. And don't forget, you don't have to charge the car fully to use it. It just needs to be charged enough for your daily use, so most likely it'll take much less than that to charge it. I don't think 3 phase is really necessary for home charging.
As for 3 phase in residences in the US, I don't think it'll be that common for most EV buyers, even if it can be done for a somewhat reasonable price, since that just adds more expense on top of installing the EVSE and perhaps a second meter. From what I can find for PG&E, you might be able to get 200V 3 phase installed for a decent price as a residence (need to add two more transformers and new meter, probably around $5k), but I'm not sure if they can offer 400V service to residences (may be against code).