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Russia/Ukraine conflict

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There has been a lot of debate here and elsewhere why the more sophisticated equipment has been slow in going to Ukraine. Mark Hertling addressed that today
Thread by @MarkHertling on Thread Reader App

When a general gets above command of a division, their life becomes all about the logistics of supply and support. Hertling knows what he's talking about.

Erwin Rommel was an excellent division commander, but Afrika Korps had problems because he didn't really understand supply and support. Afrika Korps went from heady times when they had supply to being paralyzed because they ran out. The Allies were getting stronger in North Africa and would have driven the Germans out eventually, but Rommel's inability to handle his supply situation helped the Allies quite a bit and shortened the campaign.
The allied ability to eavesdrop on which ships were the German resupply ships in the Med via the broken Enigma codes also didn't help his re-supply situation.
 
The German Gepards can't shoot these down? They are exceedingly inexpensive and seems like the glide bomb would be exactly the sort of thing they would be perfect at targeting.

I think the big problem is simply surface area.

I don't see anywhere that Gepard ammunition has proximity fuzes. And I'm not sure a proximity fuze would work very well on a glide bomb. Proximity fuzes were introduced on large caliber AA gun ammunition in late WW II. The US Navy was the primary user, though the Army got some too. The shell has a simple radar in it that when it gets near a target it goes off. Before then fuzes had to be set assuming the distance to the target and the flight time. Misjudge the distance and the shell will explode too far away from the target to be effective.

Short range gun AA is usually auto-cannons that fire a burst at the plane in the hopes of getting a direct contact with a shell. The Gepard's 35mm shell will do significant damage to any aircraft if it scores a hit.

The problem with shooting down a glide bomb is that unlike an aircraft, it's got a steel casing and it's much smaller than an aircraft. It's traveling about the same speed range as many drones, but it's only in the air a relatively short time after release. Any kind of AA needs to lock onto the bomb and launch in time to intercept the bomb before it hits its target. It's a very difficult problem to solve.

Some glide bombs are laser guided, but it requires someone to keep a laser on the target until the bomb hits. This is useful in close support where an infantry unit on the ground can keep the laser on target and the plane can escape. Otherwise the plane needs to linger until the bomb hits with the laser pointer on the target. I believe this is the old guidance system Russian aircraft used before the war. When they had smart bombs, but they used up most of them in Syria.

The other option is a GPS guided bomb which is drop and forget. Either the bomb is pre-programmed on the ground before take off, or it's programmed by the pilot before dropping. GPS guided bombs have the disadvantage that if the enemy is using GPS jamming, the bomb can get confused and not know where it's going. More sophisticated GPS guided bombs have backup systems that it will try to figure out and hit the target anyway if the GPS signal is jammed, but I doubt the Russian glide bombs being employed now have much sophistication.

I am fairly sure that 35mm proximity fuzed ammunition is available (there is enough size in the lump), though I don't think it is used in the Gepard/Oerlikon system. Furthermore I suspect it is neither required nor in use by Ukraine. Also whilst there is an airburst round (from Aselsan, using time fuzing rather than proxi) there is no reason to believe that has found its way to Ukraine. (imho) the accuracy of the system is such that conventional HE types are sufficient for glide bomb type targets which are relatively slow and not manoeuvring. The wings on those things mean they are travelling a lot slower than a typical mach 2 manoeuvring anti-ship missile which the 35mm system is also quite capable of tackling using HE in its Skyguard guise. If you read through the links below and follow the footnotes you can see the operational effectiveness, and further info on the ammo types. I think they've solved the problem with the Nammo ammo for these by the way, plus recently the Swiss seem to have changed their legal position on their supply.

(I don't actually know who - other than presumably the Turks - uses the Aselsan time-delay fuzed ammo which gets to much the same outcome as prox fuzed ammo given the overall system capability. Also there is a shotgun style amoo type (AHEAD) which will seriously upset the wing kit on glide bomb, but really isn't needed imho as against those things the Gepards are basically shooting hittiles with conventional HE.

There are quite a lot of indications that each Patriot battery has a Gepard acting as goalkeeper for anything that gets past the Patriot's indigenous capabilities. I'm fairly sure that the IRIS-T batteries will similarly be guarded, and quite a lot of other high value targets. That means that Ukraine simply doesn't have enough of these things - or the somewhat comparable ZSU equivalents - to act as goalkeeper for all the target sets that the glide bombs would be used against. This numerical analysis is precisely why NATO doctrine is to solve air threats primarily by having air control (or at least denial).

Therefore the Ukraine analysis that they need/want F-16 etc so as to push back glide bomb launch aircraft more than the 40km range are quite reasonable. Whilst (technically) they could push Patriot/S-300/etc right up to the front line to try to solve the problem that would be a not-sensible risk of those types of systems, and would also denude the existing city/critical infrastructure/etc coverage that they are currently providing. However we likely saw last week that Ukraine was prepared to risk a Bukh launcher in a SAM ambush against Russian aircraft that were operating behind the front line, so that will be giving the Russian pilots considerable food for thought. A high altitude release gets the most standoff range but is so obvious on radar and who knows what might be on the other side; a medium altitude release is practically beggin to be countered; and low altitude toss release might not even be possible with a Russian glide bomb and in any case will give the least range.

I suspect that in time USA will grant transfer authorisation - most liukely for the Netherlands F16s that are in any case due to come out of service soon. The UK has highly likely (imho) undertaken to carry out the NATO airpolicing role for NL airspace until/if the Dutch F35 units are not yet numerically sufficient to fully carry the job. That much seems clear from the tone of some of the UK and NL reports. And the UK/NL/French/etc are quite capable of putting the required trtaining packages together for both operators and maintainers.

So over to you US-ians to get on the phone/email/etc to your political representatives and tell them to release the F16 transfer authorisations PDQ.

all imho.



 
As @petit_bateau alluded to earlier the NL is on track to replace their entire fleet of f16 with f35s. Not sure about others.

Politico reports that USA will support joint training on the f16.

Italy likely sending wheeled anti-tank platform to Ukriane as I type (see Noels twitter feed) which is consistent with the past action of Italy to (out of charachter?) just do things but not make much of it. During Zelensky visit to Italy there was supposedly good news, this would be good for Ukraine. The Italian tank destroyer is slightly better armored than the French version and would do well in supporting an armored brigade after the initial breakthrough. Also, faster. USA studied this platform at length (leased many) to develop the Stryker platform.
 
Seems to be behind paywall...

"Wagner-linked group buys helmets from China despite sanctions

[...]

Miles Johnson in London and Max Seddon in Riga

A front company for the Russian mercenary group Wagner acquired tens of thousands of protective helmets from China late last year, at the same time as the group’s chief Yevgeny Prigozhin was raising a vast prisoner army to attack Ukraine. [...]

A Wagner-connected, Russia-based company called Broker Expert bought 20,000 polymer-based helmets from a small Chinese company called Hangzhou Shinerain Import And Export Co in November and December last year, according to customs declarations analysed by the FT, and interviews. The Chinese group claimed they were for “gaming use”. [..."



Credit goes to:
 
Possible Wagner is hollowing out its Bakhmut and Ukrainian presence. Taking all of their most valued men and leaving behind the husk. Like a snake shedding its skin. Seems like this would be a big blow to the Russians and cause a permanent break between Prigozin and Russia.

Maybe this is why Wagner is begging for the flanks to hold for 2 days. That’s how long it’ll take for him to get the last of his best men out of the country. You have to figure if he was planning this they would have quietly been hollowing out their forces for the past few weeks.

 
Possible Wagner is hollowing out its Bakhmut and Ukrainian presence. Taking all of their most valued men and leaving behind the husk. Like a snake shedding its skin. Seems like this would be a big blow to the Russians and cause a permanent break between Prigozin and Russia.

Maybe this is why Wagner is begging for the flanks to hold for 2 days. That’s how long it’ll take for him to get the last of his best men out of the country. You have to figure if he was planning this they would have quietly been hollowing out their forces for the past few weeks.

If Ukraine gets them before they get away, it will be a wonderful service to humanity.
 
Kazakhstan appears to be a major route around sanctions for Russia.

May 16 EU acknowledges Kazakhstan’s efforts to curb Russia sanction circumvention
 
The allied ability to eavesdrop on which ships were the German resupply ships in the Med via the broken Enigma codes also didn't help his re-supply situation.

The British holding on to Malta gave them a base for anti-shipping efforts, but records show the Italians were getting lots of supply through. The General Staff never considered North Africa more than a side show because they knew supplying a large enough force through the desert was not going to be possible with German resources. Rommel thought he could roll up Egypt and capture Saudi Arabia.

Libya has few ports that can be used to offload supplies. Benghazi is a decent port today, but it wasn't that usable in the 1940s. The two best ports in Libya were Tripoli and Tobruk. The Australians held out in Tobruk for a long time denying Rommel a forward port. Rommel only saw it as an annoyance, but the 8th Army command saw it as vital. Without Tobruk he had to supply his army with trucks from Tripoli. By the time he reached western Egypt the AK was burning 90% of its fuel moving supplies from Tripoli to the front lines. His trucks quickly started wearing out from the long drives along dirt roads fully loaded.

When Tobruk finally did fall Rommel got one load of supplies in there, but a lot of the ships were sunk by RAF anti-shipping aircraft flying out of Egypt. It became clear that Tobruk was not going to be viable as a supply port.

Seems to be behind paywall...

"Wagner-linked group buys helmets from China despite sanctions

[...]

Miles Johnson in London and Max Seddon in Riga

A front company for the Russian mercenary group Wagner acquired tens of thousands of protective helmets from China late last year, at the same time as the group’s chief Yevgeny Prigozhin was raising a vast prisoner army to attack Ukraine. [...]

A Wagner-connected, Russia-based company called Broker Expert bought 20,000 polymer-based helmets from a small Chinese company called Hangzhou Shinerain Import And Export Co in November and December last year, according to customs declarations analysed by the FT, and interviews. The Chinese group claimed they were for “gaming use”. [..."



Credit goes to:

A number of those helmets, or ones like them have been captured. They say on the inside "Not for Military Use" or "Does Not Provide Head Protection". Some helmets say they are for paint ball use only, others indicate they are for costume use only.

It's possible that the helmets Wagner bought were real military helmets and the shipment was hidden as a shipment of toy helmets, but the Russians have been buying toy helmets.
 
Possible Wagner is hollowing out its Bakhmut and Ukrainian presence. Taking all of their most valued men and leaving behind the husk. Like a snake shedding its skin. Seems like this would be a big blow to the Russians and cause a permanent break between Prigozin and Russia.

Maybe this is why Wagner is begging for the flanks to hold for 2 days. That’s how long it’ll take for him to get the last of his best men out of the country. You have to figure if he was planning this they would have quietly been hollowing out their forces for the past few weeks.

Humblebrag... saw this coming. No way was he or his real troops staying in Bahkmut in the face of it being actually contested.