neroden
Model S Owner and Frustrated Tesla Fan
(BTW., side note: I think if they have 8 instructions then Tesla encodes them in 3 bits, not 4 bits, due to another advantage Tesla has: no legacies, no compatibility to keep. They are their own only customers, and they can modify the compiler trivially if there's a new hardware variant with a new instruction format. Why waste even a single bit on future-proofing something that doesn't require future-proofing?)
Oh, two reasons. One is that Tesla's eight instructions have some commonality; if the instruction codes are actually designed so that each bit means something by itself, you can make even faster, simpler hardware (you're avoiding an irritating decoding table). This usually ends up requiring a little extra space, and the tradeoff is that it's even faster. The toy example might be, bit 1 says "multiply" vs. "don't multiply", bit 2 says "add" vs. "don't add", bit 3 says "reduce" vs. "don't reduce" -- not all combinations would make sense. The other reason is that the spare bit is hard to use for anything since you want to store your data and do your computations using a power-of-two number of bits. If they did go with three-bit encoding, bit four might also be used as a checksum bit, though.