Unless its just a handful of people doing all the shorting, its unlikely to be a conspiracy. By their very nature large conspiracies don't work - someone will talk. This is the reason 9/11 being a CIA conspiracy or Climate change being a hoax etc are unlikely to be true.
Firstly, phrasing it like that is a false dichotomy, the possible states aren't just full conspiracy or no conspiracy at all.
Secondly, a much more important point is that shorts don't
need an explicit global conspiracy in the classical sense:
- The Tesla short modus operandi is the exceedingly simple, hundreds of years old tactics of the stock dumper con artist: "try to lie as much about Tesla as you can, shape your lies to your audience via affinity fraud and try to get away with it". That type of attack requires very little coordination.
- Another channel of communication is simply the price action: shorts know that herding is beneficial and they know when to and how to sell to mark down the price.
Sometimes the attacks batch up and reach a crescendo, especially around negative news that give their lies and disinformation a kernel of truth.
Third, there's a huge difference between the 9/11 attack murdering thousands of people, and a well-coordinated "bear attack" defrauding (tens of) thousands of investors by a couple of thousand dollars each - few of which would even notice that money was stolen from them.
In the culture of Wall Street and in particular in the culture of New York vulture hedge funds everything is a zero-sum game, there's very little value creation: the dollars you earn today is taken from some other trader counter-party - har-har the loser.
This creates both a certain level of callous, cynical, anti-social acceptance of the parasitic freeloading that activist shorts perform in, and also creates a circle of silence regarding trades and positions: very little about trades performed is leaking from those circles to the outside world. Just have a look at
@Papafox's trading charts and analysis to see data points for when there's more than just spontaneous coordination of selling before upcoming Tesla-negative events.
The market manipulation is not common by any means, and it's certainly very far from being a daily occurrence, but it's happening frequently enough to probably put most of those people in jail if the law was enforced to the letter.
Summary: is there some sort of grand criminal conspiracy with daily conference calls between Chanos, Spiegel and Left, instructing David, Dana and Linette what new false narrative to dump on Tesla and coordinating their trading? Very unlikely, for the reasons you outlined.
But is there a loose coalition of 33 million shares short sellers with largely aligned interests, who read each other, who pass along information to each other occasionally, who have good media, analyst and regulatory contacts, who are lying about Tesla almost non-stop, and who will, if the opportunity presents itself trade on 'anonymous' tips very likely to be insider information, in the sure knowledge that the SEC is looking the other way while they are performing their criminal "stock dumping" market manipulation activities? You bet.