It is surprising on one level that not a lot of serious competition has showed up. Germany is pushing their auto industry to move, but they are doing so at a controlled rate. The Leaf is doing ok and Nissan keeps pushing the tech slowly forward and the Bolt is a good compliance car, not profitable, but not something normal buyers would swoon over. Only China is rushing headlong into this space and they intend to dominate the world EV market. They will transform the market, but Tesla will be profitable and continue to grow based on their branding, visionary engineering and excellent design aesthetic.
The non surprising part is that the legacy manufacturers basically have to acknowledge that all of the intellectual property is worthless, including thousands of years of engineering knowledge. It is the innovators dilemma. Kodak didn't die because they didn't see digital coming, they just couldn't move stakeholders over the chasm from analog to digital. How many engineers in Detroit are pounding on their buddies to join the dark side and go electric, and ruining barbecues to badger their coworkers and families to change now, before it is too late. This stuff is religion to Elon and his team and devil worship to a transmission engineer. How does a CEO remove obstacles to change, when one of those obstacles is fear of career obsolescence. How does a CEO convince stockholders that they need to migrate 90% of their future investments to EV from ICE and make the HR changes to go along with these changes?
Yes, there is all that resistance to change you mentioned that applied to Kodak (or Barnes and Noble vs. Amazon, or Blockbuster vs. Netflix, etc.). There is one, as far as I know unique, massive impediment to change for the ICE incumbents. More or less kicking the can down the road as much as another decade, with a couple of notable exceptions does not explode the odds of going out of business amid this disruption (those exceptions- the luxury vehicle makers and the Chinese auto industry. For the Chinese, it's not so much about going out of business as not passing up on a massive opportunity to expand market share and pressure from Chinese government mandates). Don't get me wrong... the incumbents are in for rocky waters and some may go out of business. However, with the exception of the luxury makers, it only marginally increases their risk of being done in by those rocky waters if they wait another decade to respond to the disruption we can all see is extremely likely and really move to EVs.
Some details- if Tesla hits it out of the park, they will sell 5 million vehicles per year in 2025. That's in a global auto market that is likely to increase from ~90 million in 2017 by
more than those 5 million units lost to Tesla. I.e, net increase in annual volumes for the likes of Ford, Toyota, Hyundai, etc. So, for another decade, they can very largely ignore Tesla, not turn assets/investments into dead weight and implode their cash machine of selling ICE (actually watch it grow larger), and only slightly increase the level of hazard in switching to BEVs in the late 2020s vs now (possibly make it
less risky as they go through an "electrification" phase, i.e. plug-in hybrids etc).
Now, does it sound so absurd or short-sighted that Toyota announces their move to EVs and it's 10% of their production...
in 2030!
Of course, this only works if the incumbents look around and see this is what their peers are doing. Well, for the non-luxury makers this is just what seems to be happening.
So, yes, the ICE incumbents are facing very difficult decisions to pull the trigger on as you've mentioned we've seen before with other disurputions... but, there appears to be an unprecedented dynamic that means this disruption is extremely likely to continue in slow motion as I don't believe we've ever seen before.
More on all this,
here.