It looks like aluminum became the sacraficial metal where it attaches to the steel bumper assembly.
Boats use Zinc plates to help with corrosion is the salt environment.
Agreed on the appearance of electrolysis, but zinc plates on boats are to counter the effects of currents in the boat grounding to or through the water, there really isn't anything like that for a car. Where I've seen that sort of corrosion on a boat is with stainless fasteners in an aluminum mast or aluminum backing plates exposed to salt water, and it can be quite damaging over time. If there's that much corrosion in one winter, it needs to get fixed. That looks to me like a very serious problem.
I wonder if you've got an abraded wire somewhere that's putting a trickle current through that part. The damage looks really serious for just environmental exposure, even with a dissimilar metal next to it. My NSX has lots of exposed aluminum parts and I drive it all winter in New England with nothing like that much corrosion.
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