A year ago I thought Ukraine could come out of this war as the next Taiwan or South Korea. They have a well educated population and low wages. That has led to a lot of emigration, but if Europe decides to have Ukraine make their stuff instead of China, Ukraine would be on the first rung of the development ladder. They could be one of the most powerful economies in Europe within a couple of decades.
The Ukrainians only send back Russians who ask to be sent back. About half don't want to be exchanged.
For this kind of war, tanks are over rated. Tanks are not the best tool for taking out other tanks. Each Bradley has a pair of TOW missiles which will take out any Russian tank. Infantry carried ATGMs are also very effective and there are other vehicles with ATGM launchers in the Ukraine OOB now.
Russia's tank fleet has been badly degraded by a year of fighting. A lot of the first line tanks were lost and more importantly, most of their pre-war tank crews were lost. The bulk of their current tank crews are still trying to figure out how to drive their tanks.
This is the same thing that happened to the Japanese and German air forces during WW II. Neither set up the training regimes the US and Commonwealth set up that rotated experienced pilots and crews back home where they trained the next generation. Short term it led to shortages of pilots and air crews early on, but paid huge dividends by 1944. As the war went on the green pilots coming out of training for the western Allies had much better skills than their counterparts earlier in the war. At the same time the green pilots in Germany and Japan could barely fly their planes when they were sent to the front.
As a result both Germany and Japan took staggering losses to Allied fighters who knew what they were doing.
Russia is in the same situation with tank crews.
Ukraine needs armored vehicles with a gun sufficient to take out fortifications. They need to be able to absorb machine gun fire and grenades and hopefully stand a chance against an ATGM from the front. That doesn't require Leopard 2s or Abrams. A T-72 with ERA is just fine. I saw some pictures of one of the assault brigades training. They are equipped with Bradleys and M-55s. The M-55 is a heavily upgraded T-55.
The various wheeled armored vehicles that US had dumped in Ukraine as well as vehicles from other countries should be fine for most of the tasks in the offensive. IFVs serve most of the support roles tanks used to serve. They don't have the armor of a tank, but they can do a lot of damage to just about everything on the battlefield.
A lot of vehicles have the M242 Bushmaster which is a 25mm autocannon. Among the ammunition available for the gun is a round that can penetrate 16 inches of reinforced concrete and cause casualties inside. The Bushmaster can also defeat the armor of most lightly armored vehicles. A Bradley with the M242 was seen to take out a few BMPs the other day.
M242 25mm Automatic Gun
While people have been focused on the bling weapons like tanks, the west has been giving Ukraine a large number of more humble weapons that can do the jobs needed for this offensive.
Russia started off this war with too much mechanization and too few infantry. The VDV and Marines were used heavily in the early fighting because they were the only units with a lot of infantry. Post mobilization Russia is now infantry heavy with a lot fewer vehicles. The Russian army has largely de-mechanized over the last year. Both from vehicle losses and losses in crews to drive them.
Intercepted phone calls mobiks are talking about their entire unit only has a handful of BMPs and maybe one tank that is in marginal condition for 500 men. That's a light infantry unit.
Infantry can dig in, and Russia has built a lot of fortifications. All Ukraine needs are a lot of weapons that can penetrate the fortifications they find. It doesn't need to be tanks.
For the occasional strong point that is too much for a Bradley or other vehicle with an autocannon, rolling up a T-72 will likely do the job just fine.
Ukraine has a good force now to pull off the offensive.