Based on other initial press reports, this appears to be referring to a three-fold improvement for a vehicle with upgraded Autopilot v. same vehicle with no Autopilot (see below). But I wasn't on the call so can't be100% sure.
"Still, Tesla’s Musk says the improvements in Autopilot 8 make the car roughly three times safer than a vehicle without it, and indeed would have been sufficient to prevent the death of Josh Brown in the July crash." Tesla Autopilot v8 detailed: Smarter radar in 1-2 weeks
Electrek just posted a nice article clarifying this. Sounds like 50% reduction in accidents right away, with safety ultimately showing a 3X improvement with additional fleet learning.
Elon Musk sees 3x potential increase in safety with Tesla’s new Autopilot update
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