AP1 cars are using Mobileye technology, which includes patented speed limit sign detection.
When Tesla dissolved the partnership with Mobileye, Tesla deployed AP2 which relies on Tesla's sensors and software, and because Tesla hasn't licensed speed limit sign detection from Mobileye, the patent is preventing Tesla (at least so far) from implementing this feature.
It's very likely Tesla's software can already detect and interpret speed limit signs - but because of the licensing issue, Tesla can't release that software.
While it's reasonable to protect inventor rights and allow them an opportunity to generate income off their inventions, this patent is an example of patent protection that has gone too far. The patent should have been a protection for HOW Mobileye is able to detect speed limit signs, protecting them from some reverse engineering and stealing their implementation. The patent shouldn't prevent others from coming up with alternative implementations to read speed limit signs...
Unless Tesla is able to work around the patent, ultimately they'll have to pay Mobileye so they can add speed limit sign detection.
This is more of a legal barrier for Tesla - not a technical barrier (unless they can come up with a way to do this without infringing the patent).