All tire pressure recommendations are based on a set of assumptions. The basic four are:
1. The ambient temperature is 18C (65F). If it's higher than that you need to adjust the pressure upwards.
2. Speed. The GY chart (and all other charts from the tire manufacturers (as far as I know) are based on a 65 mph sustained speed. If you run faster than that, then you need to up the pressures.
3. Load. For cars the load that the pressure recommendations are set at are for what the engineer thinks is going to be normal for that car--not necessarily the GVW.
4. A daily pressure check at the start of each driving day. (Don't shoot the messenger.) If you don't check every day, then you need to adjust the pressures upwards so that you never go below.
In addition there are factors particular to each car, such as handling and weight transfer (to name a couple--there are more).
Another list:
1. Higher pressure reduces heat in the tire which causes tire failures and shortens tire life.
2. Higher pressure reduces the chances of having uneven wear.
3. Higher pressure provides better transient response in an emergency situation.
4. Higher pressure reduces the chance of hydroplaning.
5. Higher pressure is required when the temperature is above 65F (18C) or below 65F and inflated indoors.
6. Higher pressure is required so that the pressure does not fall below the minimum if you don't check pressures each day before you drive.
7. Higher pressure is required if you carry more load than the car was designed to normally carry (note that this might be less than the GVW--it could be only one or two passengers).
8. Higher pressure provides better traction in most, but not all, on-road winter conditions.
9. Lower pressure increase ride comfort, which is highly subjective and probably depends a lot on the amount of "natural padding" present
10. Lower pressure reduces vehicle damage during off pavement usage.
Note that track use--where you adjust the pressures to get the most contact area is a whole 'nuther subject, and basically not applicable to normal driving (unless you like buying tires frequently).