When Apple places an order for parts for iPhones or iPads, they do it at such scale that their contract suppliers often have to purchase new equipment simply to meet the quality and quantity demands of Apple. Sometimes Apple has even purchased the equipment for them, just so they could get the quality they wanted. Samsung ran into this frequently in the early days of trying to compete against the iPhone — they wanted to order the same parts, but couldn't because Apple had sucked up all the available capacity. And thus Samsung embarked on a great cross-conglomerate journey of building up huge manufacturing expertise and scale so that now they can rival and even exceed Apple's hardware chops.
Heck, Samsung was frequently Apple's supplier — their Exynos mobile chips are only as good as they are because they were and still are frequently contracted to build Apple's custom processors.
All of that said, the choice of using a 17" 1080p display in the Model S and X was a smart move on Tesla's part. The resolution is adequate for the size and use case of the display. But more importantly, it's a standard size and resolution that manufacturers are already producing for monitors. I don't know if it was an off-the shelf component (I suspect Tesla at the very least specced a brighter backlight because the screen has to compete with the sun). By going with the components they did, Tesla leveraged existing and unmonopolized manufacturing capacity and expertise while not spending too much on an adequate product.
The center screen is powered and processed entirely separately from Autopilot. Currently there's a pair of circa-2011 NVIDIA Tegra 3 processors powering the displays (one for the center screen, another for the instrument display), while a new Drive PX self-driving-specific processor is used for Autopilot 2.0 and up.