Let's see if we can model earnings as a function of revenue, revenue growth, and recent earnings. Now if we have a compelling basis for modeling near term earnings, that can be utilized. What we are after is a smooth transition to long term profitability out past current visibility.
So we need to add some notation to what we developed in a previous post.
E(t) is earnings in year t
h(t) = R(t+1)/R(t)-1, forward revenue growth
p(t) = E(t)/R(t), net income rate
We will start with
E(2016) = $675M
R(2016) = $7.00B, R(2017) = $11.07B
h(2016) = 58.12%
p(2016) = -9.64%
And we will assume long term
h(2100) = g = 3%
p(2100) = 10%
We already have a method for generating the revenue curve, R. So now the question is how to smoothly transition profitability to long run assumptions.
In my view, Tesla is unprofitable simply because it is growing revenue very fast. If you are growing say 50%/y, you need to spend considerable resources in advance of that growth in revenue. Some of this is accounted for as capital investments, but not all. R&D, staffing up and management burdened with growth all hit current expenses well in advance of incremental revenue. Hence, I prose that earnings can be modeled on the basis of current revenue and incremental revenue in the coming year. Thus,
E(t) = a R(t) - b (R(t+1)-R(t))
Dividing both sides by current revenue, leads to this simplification:
p(t) = a - b h(t)
We can solve for these two parameters as follows:
b = -(p(s) - p(t))/(h(s) - h(t))
a = p(t) + b h(t)
Thus, from our data and assumptions above, we obtain:
p = 0.1107 - 0.3563 h
This equation expresses the notion that growth is a drag on profitability. Notably we can determine the rate of revenue growth that would be profit neutral. By these estimates, Tesla is profitable when growth is less than 31.07% = 0.1107/0.3563.
We obtain the following curves:
Code:
Year Rev $B Fwd Growth Profit Earn $B
2016 7.00 58.1% -9.64% -0.67
2017 11.07 57.8% -9.52% -1.05
2018 17.46 57.3% -9.33% -1.63
2019 27.46 56.5% -9.06% -2.49
2020 42.98 55.3% -8.64% -3.71
2021 66.75 53.6% -8.04% -5.37
2022 102.55 51.2% -7.18% -7.37
2023 155.09 47.9% -6.01% -9.33
2024 229.45 43.7% -4.49% -10.31
2025 329.66 38.5% -2.64% -8.70
2026 456.50 32.6% -0.56% -2.56
2027 605.48 26.6% 1.58% 9.55
2028 766.79 21.0% 3.58% 27.45
2029 927.97 16.2% 5.30% 49.19
2030 1078.19 12.3% 6.68% 71.97
2031 1211.14 9.4% 7.71% 93.36
2032 1325.37 7.3% 8.45% 112.00
2033 1422.76 5.9% 8.97% 127.57
2034 1506.72 4.9% 9.32% 140.38
2035 1580.80 4.3% 9.55% 150.99
2036 1648.13 3.8% 9.71% 159.98
2037 1711.14 3.5% 9.81% 167.84
2038 1771.66 3.3% 9.88% 174.96
2039 1831.00 3.2% 9.92% 181.62
2040 1890.09 3.1% 9.95% 188.01
2041 1949.58 3.1% 9.97% 194.29
2042 2009.94 3.1% 9.98% 200.55
2043 2071.49 3.0% 9.99% 206.85
2044 2134.47 3.0% 9.99% 213.25
2045 2199.06 3.0% 9.99% 219.77
2046 2265.41 3.0% 10.00% 226.45
2047 2333.62 3.0% 10.00% 233.30
2048 2403.80 3.0% 10.00% 240.34
2049 2476.02 3.0% 10.00% 247.58
2050 2550.38 3.0% 10.00% 255.02
A curious implication of this model is that Tesla remains unprofitable through 2026. This is a consequence of continuing to grow revenue faster than 31%/y.
We could modify the estimates such that long term profit is achieved by 2030 or other date. This blows up the real long term as we will see.
Assuming p(2030) = 10% leads to:
p = 0.1529 - 0.4289 h
Code:
Year Rev $B Fwd Growth Profit Earn $B
2016 7.00 58.1% -9.64% -0.67
2017 11.07 57.8% -9.49% -1.05
2018 17.46 57.3% -9.27% -1.62
2019 27.46 56.5% -8.94% -2.45
2020 42.98 55.3% -8.44% -3.63
2021 66.75 53.6% -7.71% -5.15
2022 102.55 51.2% -6.68% -6.86
2023 155.09 47.9% -5.27% -8.18
2024 229.45 43.7% -3.44% -7.90
2025 329.66 38.5% -1.21% -4.00
2026 456.50 32.6% 1.29% 5.89
2027 605.48 26.6% 3.86% 23.39
2028 766.79 21.0% 6.27% 48.10
2029 927.97 16.2% 8.35% 77.45
2030 1078.19 12.3% 10.00% 107.82
2031 1211.14 9.4% 11.24% 136.17
2032 1325.37 7.3% 12.14% 160.86
2033 1422.76 5.9% 12.76% 181.52
2034 1506.72 4.9% 13.18% 198.58
2035 1580.80 4.3% 13.46% 212.81
2036 1648.13 3.8% 13.65% 224.95
2037 1711.14 3.5% 13.77% 235.66
2038 1771.66 3.3% 13.85% 245.41
2039 1831.00 3.2% 13.90% 254.59
2040 1890.09 3.1% 13.94% 263.46
2041 1949.58 3.1% 13.96% 272.18
2042 2009.94 3.1% 13.98% 280.90
2043 2071.49 3.0% 13.98% 289.69
2044 2134.47 3.0% 13.99% 298.63
2045 2199.06 3.0% 13.99% 307.75
2046 2265.41 3.0% 14.00% 317.10
2047 2333.62 3.0% 14.00% 326.68
2048 2403.80 3.0% 14.00% 336.53
2049 2476.02 3.0% 14.00% 346.66
2050 2550.38 3.0% 14.00% 357.09
So I'll leave this here for discussion. The obvious next step is to discount earnings. But first it is good to pause and reflect. What do we think about the prospect of unprofitable growth for so long? Is the growth worth it? Perhaps another decade of negative earnings has something to do with dilution.