Destination chargers usually have more power available than typical J1772s do - and Tesla installed chargers are 2-3x the power of the vast majority of other EVs to take advantage of it. (most modern EVs have 6-7 kW chargers - some still have 3.3 kW. Tesla ships 12kW by default, and has a 17 kW version that was optional, then standard on big battery cars - not sure if it's still included in any.)
That depends on the car. As I understand it, Model 3s with SR and MR batteries top out at 7.7kW on Level 2 EVSEs (even Tesla's Wall Connector). The LR Model 3 and most other Teslas top out at 11.5kW. Current-production non-Tesla EVs can mostly handle 7.7kW, although some older ones, and PHEVs, often topped out at 3.3kW.
Also, some non-Tesla Level 2 EVSEs are capable of delivering similar charge rates, although most public stations top out at 6-7kW, so you'd have to get pretty lucky to find something faster.
In sum, although Tesla does hold a lead in Level 2 charging speeds over competing brands, I don't think that lead is as great as you're suggesting.
So while techincally level 2, and certainly not something you want to rely on during a meal stop on a road trip, they usually get you significantly further than level 2 on other EVs would.
Judging by PlugShare, most Tesla Destination Chargers are at hotels, with a significant minority at restaurants and a few at workplaces. I guess if you were desperate and lucky enough to find one, you could stop for a meal somewhere with a Destination Charger and, if you don't have an SR or MR Model 3, get more charge than you would at a typical public J1772 EVSE. For an overnight stay at a hotel, I'm not sure there'd be much difference unless you had a Model S or Model X with a 100kWh battery and it was nearly drained; or if you needed to split the charging time with another traveler.
As for "get you significantly further," that depends on the car's energy efficiency, not just the charge rate. Teslas seem to have the advantage compared to competing EVs of similar size, but as of yet, most non-Tesla EVs are smaller than a Model 3. That makes comparisons somewhere between difficult and pointless. If you want a big EV, you pretty much have to get a Tesla; and if you want something small, you can't get a Tesla. If you're adaptable in terms of car size, you could compare, say, a Tesla Model X and a Chevy Bolt; but then the efficiency award goes to the Bolt, enabling you to get further with any given rate of charge. All this is starting to change, of course; Tesla has been releasing smaller cars over time, and other manufacturers are starting to show an interest in bigger EVs.