I thought Tesla actually had "software locked" 3-4 kWh of the battery so you could only use 78-79 kWh.
No. You can always use the full nominal remaining (approximately), until the vehicle shuts down and leaves you stranded. You must drive for a considerable (but unpredictable) distance beyond 0% to use all this energy. (See the "usable" in the capture - this is 95.5% of the NFP (in the capture above it's 95.5% of nominal remaining since that exceeds NFP) and represents the energy available above 0%.)
Meaning when you get to 0% SOC on the display, all other things being equal and ignoring the built in reserve amount, you have somewhere around 3-4 kWh of useable battery left.
At 0% SOC, for every Model 3, you will have 4.5% remaining of your Nominal Full Pack (or possibly it is 4.5% of your Nominal Remaining at 100% charge which may be different than NFP but who cares...). This is the best estimate of the BMS and whether you get that full 4.5% if you continue to drive is hard to predict. But you'll get some of it for sure. If you excessively sag the pack (by driving up a hill or something) and trigger pack protection the car will shut down.
That's why it's not a great idea to try to use the buffer (there's really never any reason to - though they do use it ALL in the EPA testing, in a very slow, continuous discharge (SS cycle) that would maximize the likelihood of extracting all the energy!). You'll be reasonably safe above 0%.
Tesla is just not showing you you have it and they apparently will within the next month or so with a software update.
Not sure what you mean here. They're not really exactly hiding anything. There's a degradation threshold of 77.8kWh for the Model 3 LR right now. If your NFP exceeds that value, you'll show your full 353mi/567km range at 100%. However, the energy content of each rated mile is expanded in proportion to the amount your NFP exceeds that threshold. Even as your battery degrades, as long as NFP remains above ~77.8kWh, it will continue to display 353 rated miles at 100%.
Which makes sense bc the 2022 M3 LR will likely have a ~370 mile EPA range with the exact same 2170L 82 kWh battery pack. All just a facade for marketing purposes! "Tesla increases range YOY"
Not really. The 2021 M3 LR, as tested, had ~78.5kWh of capacity, with the older pack. That was tested in the ~summer of 2020, before 2170L packs had been fully released in mass production (there was just one cell line or something producing 2170L for the Model 3 Performance or something like that). Vehicles were sold that way, with "FPWN" values of 77.8kWh, with the 2170C pack, for several months in late 2020 and into 2021. You got exactly what was tested for the EPA range of 353 miles.
Now, for the same 2021 model year vehicle, Tesla is including 2170L packs which typically have capacity of 79-81kWh (or maybe even 82kWh but I haven't seen that for an LR non-P). These have FPWN of 82.1kWh. It's a different pack. It contains more energy. But they simply allow expansion of the constant to ensure they don't display more than 353 rated miles. (Note this is not required - for the Model Y LR it actually shows 331 rated miles at 100% rather than 326 rated miles advertised, because the degradation threshold was increased to 79kWh in more recent builds, from 77.8kWh in the initial production runs. They chose not to do this for Model 3.)
We'll see what the actual marketed range of the 2022 M3 LR is. It'll probably be higher than the 353 rated miles because they will redo the EPA test and they're going to come up with over 80kWh on the discharge, most likely. That's going to mean more range; that's not in doubt. But whether they "voluntarily reduce" the reported EPA range (something they can always do) is TBD.
To be clear about how (say) a 370-rated-mile range would work for a 2022 vehicle (note: we don't know what the reported range will be. It depends how the vehicle does and whether Tesla voluntarily reduces it):
1) They would get results in an EPA test cycle that gave that result (370 miles) after all the scaling and balancing of city/hwy dyno results.
2) They would get something like 80.5kWh drawn from the pack (I'm picking this value randomly, it's hard to say what it will be). This is measured in the test.
3) They'll choose a degradation threshold, usually lower than that value from the test. Let's say they pick 79.5kWh. They'll choose a constant 79.5kWh/370mi = 215Wh/mi (14Wh/km)
For new owners of this theoretical 2022 370-rated-mile-range vehicle:
If you have less than 79.5kWh NFP, you'll show range loss.
If you have greater than that, you'll show 370 miles at 100%.
Again, to be clear, this is just an example. We don't know what the EPA results or the threshold, or the 100% undegraded rated miles value, will work out to be.