Professor,
Is the new crown prince of Saudia showing traits of Kim Jong Un? Another tyrant in the making or a Martin Luther type reformist?
It is already an absolute monarchy. It's just a parallel, not based on empirical knowledge, but if I were forced to find an analogy, SA has been since the death of the founding monarch, like the Soviet leadership transition after Khrushchev until Gorbachev. The young blood (of the 20th party Congress) finally succeeded after decades-old rule we termed a "gerontocracy."
SA ran through a series of sons of the old man. That was changed once, when a member of one branch beheaded the King at court. Nothing changed thereafter.
In the Soviet case and now changes in policy were required. I think Gorby meant well and had some good ideas but he tripped on the issue of democratizing the Party as well as society. The other reforms were daunting enough. At first most of the chatter from Western economists about reform in the USSR concluded nobody, even they, knew how a smooth transition in the Soviet case could be done. Also, Gorby was careless in dealing with the nationalities problem which is what did him in at the end.
I think the King and the Crown Prince will not have much trouble with economic transition and they certainly have access to the best advice available if they are willing to heed it. One would like to see reform of the clergy on a massive scale and rejection of Wahabism, but that is bound to stir up trouble. There is a nationalities "problem" within the Kingdom, too. I read somewhere long ago the area where oil is cheapest is opposite Iran in the Gulf and is predominantly Shiia. (Jhm is the guru on this.) Which adds to the political conflict with Iran.
I think it was very unwise for Trump to so clearly tip the scales in favor of Saudi Arabia during his visit. Also, and for similar reasons, to get so close to Netanyahu. In our first century or so, we seldom made a mistake in diplomacy, playing France, Britain, and sometimes others, against each other. I'm sure you, too, are old enough to remember Washington's Farewell Address warning about entangling alliances. Intervening into profound religious disputes where we have no understanding or sympathy for Islam is a recipe for disaster, like backing into a propeller—an old joke. The Western World has gone through this before. There is some wisdom in my parents' and grandmother's advice: beware talk about politics, religion, or sex. (Never got beyond baby talk with my grandfathers.)
Edit: Just some jumbled searching for straws.