Determining motivation is always tricky. Especially when motivations are diverse and many of the players are anonymous online. Here are some things I have observed. I spent a lot more time on this in the 2009-2013 time frame:
- In real-life conversations (which I have had thousands of since 2009), I almost never hear this stuff. Sometimes people repeat what they've heard, but it's often posed as a question and they are happy to consider new data.
- However, you absolutely can't avoid it online - it's everywhere, and many people are VERY set in their beliefs. Given 1 and 2, it seems likely to be a fairly small number of people, but ones that are very highly motivated. Which makes sense - most people are fairly reasonable and honest, but a few bad apples really screw things up for everybody else
- Things have shifted over time. The main sources (given the arguments, locations and job titles of some frequent posters) used to appear to be potential competitors to EVs (like hybrids, hydrogen, diesel, etc). Now it seems to be more people trying to play volatile stocks - it seems more targeted at TSLA, and more of it is repeated in financial "news" sources that anybody can offer content to, like Seeking Alpha.
Some of the motivations that I have deduced (inferred by arguments and who's offering them) include:
1. potential competitors to EVs (i.e. a producer of power-dense batteries that are good for hybrids but not EVs, or a supplier of diesel vehicles to the DOD)
2. former Tobacco denialists newly funded by petroleum corporations (this was exposed in a documentary and seemed to stop for quite a while; I actually don't see a lot of this unless they hide it well)
3. auto dealers trying to keep people from switching to a new brand or a business model that doesn't include them
4. auto manufacturers trying to keep people from switching to a product or business model that they can't or don't offer
5. conservatives fighting anything that environmentalists are for, no matter how good it is for the US economy and national security
6. environmentalists that fear cleaner cars will distract people from moving to mass transit and bicycles. Or H2 if they really think that is cleaner
7. investors that want to make quick money by convincing people to take the same position they have in a volatile stock
8. freedom fighters that believe anything environmentalists are for is really a communist plot to grow government, raise taxes, and steal our freedoms and so must be stopped
9. fiscal worriers that really seem to be motivated to reduce government spending; and don't believe in investments with returns, and don't believe that every type of fuel, transportation and infrastructure is subsidized (I haven't found a way to verify any of these guys are real and not just one of the others faking their position)
You will note that is an extremely wide range of players and motivations (which is why I am often dismayed to see EV advocates downplay any negativity with "he's an oil shill", which I think is often not the case and starts a new round of off-topic arguments). While I personally find motivations interesting, I don't think motivations are nearly as important (or as clear or easy to discuss) as the fact that they are lying. Lying bothers me no matter why you are doing it. There are many gray areas, inherent trade-offs and things worthy of discussion, but deliberately misrepresenting the facts is a non-starter that fortunately few are willing to do - though those few unfortunately seem to be quite vocal in their efforts, and reasonably successful at attracting lazy readers to their cause.
While some of these details of who and why are specific to EVs, the general tactics absolutely are not. It's just the way some (only a few) people are.