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So in the best case scenario, how long does p1 take? i.e. the minimum time span we need to observe the vaccinated to have no serious side effects?

Correct, it only needed a Phase 2 trial which could be modified for efficacy testing because the overall process of an influenza vaccine was well established.

Phase 1 trials always look at both safety and efficacy. Both are included.

Safety - any adverse reactions, specifically looking for allergic reactions or unexpected side effects (i.e. the old Polio vaccine gave some kids a life-threatening condition called Guillain Barre Syndrome).

Efficacy - in this case, we have to wait about 2 weeks (my guess) and then draw blood from the candidates given the vaccine and check antibody titers to the virus.


Longer term, likely Phase 2, we will have to see what the infection rate is in people that got vaccinated. But that takes a lot of people to tease out (i.e. how efficacious is the vaccine).


I read this morning, but for the life of me cannot find the source now, that there were over 300 Phase 1 candidates that are in the pipeline for approval. That is reassuring and I hope that we can get 3-4 really good candidates to push into Phase 2 trials from that large a number.
 
University of Washington has decided to start using hydroxychloroquine with all patients admitted for COVID-19, based primarily on the in vitro data, and recognizing that clinical data supporting treatment does not exist yet (details in the Twitter thread for anyone interested).

Arun Sridhar on Twitter

FWIW, this reddit user is saying California hospitals are using hydroxychloroquine in ICUs right now.

Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial : COVID19
 
So in the best case scenario, how long does p1 take? i.e. the minimum time span we need to observe the vaccinated to have no serious side effects?

I'm not in vaccine development so this is only and educated guess, but I would bet in this case it will be compressed down to 4-6 weeks. Normally these things move a lot slower (6-18 months for Phase 1?). Anything related to the FDA is very bureaucratic.
 
Then I assume some German/French Euro company can get faster approval in Europe even if their vaccine is similar to US companies'? Then can American people get it before FDA approval? Or FDA can just bend over to approve it by European standard like the Fed Reserve did to some presidential pressure?

I'm not in vaccine development so this is only and educated guess, but I would bet in this case it will be compressed down to 4-6 weeks. Normally these things move a lot slower (6-18 months for Phase 1?). Anything related to the FDA is very bureaucratic.
 
Then I assume some German/French Euro company can get faster approval in Europe even if their vaccine is similar to US companies'? Then can American people get it before FDA approval? Or FDA can just bend over to approve it by European standard like the Fed Reserve did to some presidential pressure?

The 4-6 week thing is not a time-limit imposed by any agency. This is literally the most optimal estimate to complete a Phase 1 trial. The EU has similar standards and will not move things along any faster than the FDA in this case, since both regulatory bodies are going to be waiting for the researchers to complete their work.
 
some humor
will at least in NK life goes on
upload_2020-3-19_14-19-46.png

North Korea fires two projectiles in first launches for three months

I will add, North Korea beloved leader is a top class, keeps South Korea motivated to anticipate any outcome.
Conventional, Nuclear, Chemical or Biological.
 
What Went Wrong with Coronavirus Testing in the U.S.

I'm not surprised

America seems to have multiple agencies that can say NO to expedient progress in anything medical related.
basically giant bureaucratic that is self-reinforcing more bureaucracy.

the same bureaucratic process that is required to stop dodgy medical outcomes, swings the other way and stops expedient Covid19 outcomes.

Australia is smaller population and southern hemisphere, so even without stating it, we also proportionally have a LOT of medical competence from Hong Kong and Singapore/Malaysia, so its more natural to enact an expedient choices. More to the point, ASX20 is Australia's top 20 companies, CSL is within ASX20 https://medicalhistorymuseum.mdhs.u...Australia-The-Legacy-of-antvenom-research.pdf is a serum specialist with deep expertise in flu vaccines Products. We have basically the 2nd largest flu vaccine company in the world listed in Australia.

whoever is advising Scott Morrison, is doing so from a position of deep understanding of realities from flu vaccine experience and understands the difficulties in implementing a SARS/Covid19 vaccine in the real world.


It's very curious who the contractor is.

It is doubly curious that the contract is not given to multiple different bidder and have the fastest most accurate competitor become the contractor.
 
First of all, I don't trust anything from NPR. They are understood, even by the media, as radio BY and FOR liberals. They spew anti-conservative rhetoric at every turn. Secondly, based on FACTS and not a liberally biased poll, the states with liberal leadership are the states that are hardest hit by COVID-19. Period! Washington. California. New York. Hmmmm. Did the liberal leadership of those states not see it as a "real threat"? They CANNOT blame that on Trump. I'm not a scientist but I did my research and knew back in mid February that this virus was bad news. The reality is that COVID-19 doesn't give a rat's behind what party you are, what country you are from (or state), what your skin color is, your sexual orientation or if you see it as a threat or blown out of proportion. All it needs is a host. Our world is in crisis and you liberal haters are getting tiresome. Please stop politicizing this! Do you guys EVER get tired of blaming? Enough already!!
 
I wouldn't brag about "not being Italy" just yet. A minister in Belgium did, just a handful of doubling times ago. the US isn''t testing very thoroughly yet you're catching up to Italy at an alarming rate.

One wonders how South Korea managed to control the epidemic, without the 'benefit' of Trump.
Today China, South Korea and Japan have significantly higher numbers than the last few days. Maybe they just got lucky with their initial response. Coronavirus Update (Live): 219,387 Cases and 8,970 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Outbreak - Worldometer
 
Curve flattening strategies are only as good as the population lets them be. Merkins and trumpers and Millennials present a HUGE red light to this working. I suppose a carrot and stick strategy would help, meaning sick leave payments for those who test positive. But how does the government encourage/enforce social distancing ?

It’s easier when the country is in lockdown. In France and Belgium you get fined if you are on the street violating the social distancing rules. Although there weren’t many people violating this on our first day of lockdown, people are scared enough to be careful. Lot’s of police available to enforce this since their other tasks (e.g. traffic related) are not needed for the moment.
 
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Today China, South Korea and Japan have significantly higher numbers than the last few days. Maybe they just got lucky with their initial response. Coronavirus Update (Live): 219,387 Cases and 8,970 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Outbreak - Worldometer

There's basically a wave of citizens and residents returning to their home countries right now. Every country is going to see an increase in cases as their students and tourists from Europe and USA return home before the whole world locks down. It is just more pronounced because these countries have so few new cases. In countries with lots of cases, it's just a blip on the radar.

What's interesting is the percentage of these returning citizens that are infected. They are higher than the initial wave of infected from China.
 
There's basically a wave of citizens and residents returning to their home countries right now. Every country is going to see an increase in cases as their students and tourists from Europe and USA return home before the whole world locks down. It is just more pronounced because these countries have so few new cases. In countries with lots of cases, it's just a blip on the radar.

What's interesting is the percentage of these returning citizens that are infected. They are higher than the initial wave of infected from China.

Apparently ALL of the new cases in China are returning people that have been put in quarantine. Not a single new domestic case: China telt geen nieuwe besmettingen meer
 
From main:
Not to downplay what doctors are saying.....but they're doctors, not economists. There is absolutely no way the US economy could sustain an entire quarter of the current lockdown status that most major areas and cities are in. I forget what the exact number is, but for every 1% of unemployment, something like 30k people die from being displaced, loss of health care benefits, etc...A full quarter of this current state would be unemployment on a ridiculous scale. It's literally not possible to continue this past April, even if the government was doing all it can to supplement the economic loss.

But why is that?

People dying from being displaced and losing healthcare benefits is because they can't afford to pay for those things due to loss of income and healthcare being tied to employment.

Outside of things specifically needed to treat this pandemic, as well as labor needed to treat it, there's no actual shortages of necessary goods. (There is hoarding causing massive unsustainable demand spikes, but the actual necessary supply is fine.) For that matter, there's plenty of labor still going into unnecessary goods that could be redirected.

The government has immense powers that, if it chooses to use them, would allow it to entirely prevent those deaths. Pass Medicare for All, and then people won't lose their healthcare coverage (with the caveat that having coverage won't help much if your local healthcare system is beyond capacity) - yes, I know that won't happen, but still. Print money and pay a UBI - which Republicans are proposing - and people won't lose their income. Forbid evictions and foreclosures - already a policy in places - and people won't lose their home, at least for now. You can even directly supply certain goods like food, bypassing the economy entirely.

All of this is action that can be taken right now to prevent the economy from killing people.

The economy is meant to facilitate exchange of goods and services. If the economy is creating artificial scarcity and people are dying as a result, the economy has failed at its mission, and the government can and should step in to prevent that outcome.